记录一下 建立一个简单的字符设备的编码过程
前提准备:已经编译好的Linux内核
进入../drivers/char/目录
这里存放着这字符设备驱动
mkdir globalmem 创建一个我们新建驱动的目录并进入
新建globalmem.c文件,清单如下
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#define GLOBALMEM_SIZE 0x1000
#define MEM_CLEAR 0x1
#define GLOBALMEM_MAJOR 230
static int globalmem_major=GLOBALMEM_MAJOR;
module_param(globalmem_major,int,S_IRUGO);
struct globalmem_dev
{
struct cdev cdev;
unsigned char mem[GLOBALMEM_SIZE];
};
struct globalmem_dev *globalmem_devp;
static int globalmem_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filep)
{
filep->private_data = globalmem_devp;
return 0;
}
static int globalmem_release(struct inode *inode,struct file *filep)
{
return 0;
}
static long globalmem_ioctl(struct file *filep,unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg)
{
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filep->private_data;
switch(cmd){
case MEM_CLEAR:
memset(dev->mem,0,GLOBALMEM_SIZE);
printk(KERN_INFO "globalmem is set to zero\n");
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
static ssize_t globalmem_read(struct file *filep,char __user * buf,size_t size,loff_t * ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count=size;
int ret = 0;
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filep->private_data;
if (p >=GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
{
return 0;
}
if(count>GLOBALMEM_SIZE-p)
{
count=GLOBALMEM_SIZE-p;
}
if(copy_to_user(buf,dev->mem+p,count))
{
ret=-EINVAL;
}else{
*ppos+=count;
ret=count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %u bytes from %u\n",count,p);
}
return ret;
}
static ssize_t globalmem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user * buf,size_t size, loff_t * ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
if (p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
return 0;
if (count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;
if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + p, buf, count))
ret = -EFAULT;
else {
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "written %u bytes(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
}
return ret;
}
static loff_t globalmem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
loff_t ret = 0;
switch (orig) {
case 0:
if (offset < 0) {
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
if ((unsigned int)offset > GLOBALMEM_SIZE) {
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos = (unsigned int)offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
case 1:
if ((filp->f_pos + offset) > GLOBALMEM_SIZE) {
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
if ((filp->f_pos + offset) < 0) {
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos += offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
return ret;
}
static const struct file_operations globalmem_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = globalmem_llseek,
.read = globalmem_read,
.write = globalmem_write,
.unlocked_ioctl =globalmem_ioctl,
.open = globalmem_open,
.release = globalmem_release,
};
static void globalmem_setup_cdev(struct globalmem_dev *dev,int index)
{
int err,devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major,index);//定义设备编号
cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&globalmem_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);
if(err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding globalmem%d",err,index);
}
static int __init globalmem_init(void)
{
int ret;
dev_t devno =MKDEV(globalmem_major,0);
if(globalmem_major)
ret = register_chrdev_region(devno,1,"globalmem");
else{
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,0,1,"globalmem");
globalmem_major=MAJOR(devno);
}
if(ret<0)
return ret;
globalmem_devp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct globalmem_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
if(!globalmem_devp){
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
globalmem_setup_cdev(globalmem_devp,0);
return 0;
fail_malloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);
return ret;
}
module_init(globalmem_init);
static void __exit globalmem_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&globalmem_devp->cdev);
kfree(globalmem_devp);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalmem_major,0),1);
}
module_exit(globalmem_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("ztt");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
新建Makefile文件,清单如下:
CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=n
KVERS = $(shell uname -r)
# Kernel modules
obj-m += globalmem.o
build: kernel_modules
kernel_modules:
make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERS)/build M=$(CURDIR) modules
clean:
make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERS)/build M=$(CURDIR) clean
然后在创建的目录下执行命令 make
编译驱动,会在该目录下生成globalmem.ko文件
加载该模块 insmod globalmem.ko
执行 cat /proc/devices
可以看到新定义的字符设备驱动,主设备号为230
执行命令:mknod /dev/globalmem c 230 0
创建“/dev/globalmem”设备节点
通过执行:
echo "hello world" > /dev/globalmem 验证设备的写
cat /dev/globalmem 验证设备的读#输出hello world
进入/sys/module/可以找到globalmem目录 使用tree命令 可观察其目录结构