The Suspects POJ - 1611 --并查集

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), an atypical pneumonia of unknown aetiology, was recognized as a global threat in mid-March 2003. To minimize transmission to others, the best strategy is to separate the suspects from others. 
In the Not-Spreading-Your-Sickness University (NSYSU), there are many student groups. Students in the same group intercommunicate with each other frequently, and a student may join several groups. To prevent the possible transmissions of SARS, the NSYSU collects the member lists of all student groups, and makes the following rule in their standard operation procedure (SOP). 
Once a member in a group is a suspect, all members in the group are suspects. 
However, they find that it is not easy to identify all the suspects when a student is recognized as a suspect. Your job is to write a program which finds all the suspects.

Input

The input file contains several cases. Each test case begins with two integers n and m in a line, where n is the number of students, and m is the number of groups. You may assume that 0 < n <= 30000 and 0 <= m <= 500. Every student is numbered by a unique integer between 0 and n−1, and initially student 0 is recognized as a suspect in all the cases. This line is followed by m member lists of the groups, one line per group. Each line begins with an integer k by itself representing the number of members in the group. Following the number of members, there are k integers representing the students in this group. All the integers in a line are separated by at least one space. 
A case with n = 0 and m = 0 indicates the end of the input, and need not be processed.

Output

For each case, output the number of suspects in one line.

Sample Input

100 4
2 1 2
5 10 13 11 12 14
2 0 1
2 99 2
200 2
1 5
5 1 2 3 4 5
1 0
0 0

Sample Output

4
1
1

  
  

   
   

    
    严重急性呼吸系统综合症( SARS), 一种原因不明的非典型性肺炎,从2003年3月中旬开始被认为是全球威胁。为了减少传播给别人的机会, 最好的策略是隔离可能的患者。
   
   
   
   

    
    在Not-Spreading-Your-Sickness大学( NSYSU), 有许多学生团体。同一组的学生经常彼此相通,一个学生可以同时加入几个小组。为了防止非典的传播,NSYSU收集了所有学生团体的成员名单。他们的标准操作程序(SOP)如下：
   
   
   
   

    
    一旦一组中有一个可能的患者, 组内的所有成员就都是可能的患者。
   
   
   
   

    
    然而,他们发现当一个学生被确认为可能的患者后不容易识别所有可能的患者。你的工作是编写一个程序, 发现所有可能的患者。
   
   
   
   

    
     
   
   
  
  
  
  
   
   Input
  
  
  
  

   
   

    
    输入文件包含多组数据。
   
   
   
   

    
    对于每组测试数据：
   
   
   
   

    
    第一行为两个整数n和m, 其中n是学生的数量, m是团体的数量。0 < n <= 30000，0 <= m <=500。
   
   
   
   

    
    每个学生编号是一个0到n-1之间的整数，一开始只有0号学生被视为可能的患者。
   
   
   
   

    
    紧随其后的是团体的成员列表，每组一行。
   
   
   
   

    
    每一行有一个整数k，代表成员数量。之后,有k个整数代表这个群体的学生。一行中的所有整数由至少一个空格隔开。
   
   
   
   

    
    n = m = 0表示输入结束，不需要处理。
   
   
  
  
  
  
   
   Output
  
  
  
  

   
   对于每组测试数据, 输出一行可能的患者。
  
  
  
  
   
   Sample Input
  
  
  
  

   
   
100 4
2 1 2
5 10 13 11 12 14
2 0 1
2 99 2
200 2
1 5
5 1 2 3 4 5
1 0
0 0
  
  
  
  
   
   Sample Output
  
  
  
  

   
   
4
1
1
题意：0号学生患病了，输入n,m，分别表示学生数和分的组数，接下来有m组，每组的第一个数代表这个组有多少人，求出和0号一组的有多少人
   
   

   
   
分析：并查集（注意m=0的情况，代表0这位同学没有参加小组，所以最终结果会是1）
   
   
点击打开链接   这是有关并查集的资料

   
   

   
   
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
int par[10001];
int find(int x)
{
    int r=x;
    while(par[r]!=r)
        r=par[r];
    return r;
}
void build(int x,int y)
{
    int i=find(x);
    int j=find(y);
    if(i!=j)
    {
        if(i==0)//只要和0号在一个集合的，都以0为根节点
            par[j]=0;
        else
            par[i]=j;
    }
}
int main()
{
    int n,m,k,first,next;
    while(cin>>n>>m)
    {
        if(n==0&&m==0)
            return 0;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)//这个地方吧i=0很重要，一般初始化是i定义为1，
            
            par[i]=i;
        while(m--)
        {
            cin>>k>>first;
            for(int i=1;i<k;i++)
            {
                cin>>next;
                build(next,first);
            }
        }
        int q=0;
        if(m==0)
            cout<<"1"<<endl;
        else
        {
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
            {
                if(find(par[i])==0)
                    q++;
            }
            cout<<q<<endl;
        }


    }
}

   
   
解释：上面有个对par数组的初始化，其中吧i定义为0很关键，他可以至少保证有一个患病的（没有参加分组）