解决CPU占用过高问题

Demo

下面代码，开启一个线程无限循环计算浮点型（因为计算浮点型很消耗cpu资源）

public class CpuUseTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int result = 0;
                while (true){
                    double x = 1.0/10;
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }

}

将写好的java文件上传到测试服务器上通过javac编译

javac CpuUserTest.java

执行编译后的文件

java CpuUserTest

问题排查

使用top命令查看进程执行情况，如下图pid 50120的java进程cpu占用过高

使用如下命令查看进程下的进程情况

top -Hp pid

发现pid为50132的线程CPU占用过高，使用如下命令计算出其十六进制

printf "%x\n" pid

使用jstack定位问题

jstack 主进程pid | grep 线程十六进制 -A 20

使用jmap导出堆栈

jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=./xxx.hprof 进程pid

使用VisualVM对dump文件进行可视化

使用脚本排查

show-busy-java-threads： https://github.com/luckman666/show-busy-java-threads

 #下载脚本
 wget https://github.com/luckman666/show-busy-java-threads/archive/refs/heads/main.zip

执行脚本后立马可以排查出问题，返回堆栈信息

show-busy-java-threads如下

#!/bin/bash
# @Function
# Find out the highest cpu consumed threads of java processes, and print the stack of these threads.
#
# @Usage
#   $ ./show-busy-java-threads
#
# @online-doc https://github.com/oldratlee/useful-scripts/blob/master/docs/java.md#-show-busy-java-threads
# @author Jerry Lee (oldratlee at gmail dot com)
# @author superhj1987 (superhj1987 at 126 dot com)

readonly PROG="`basename $0`"
readonly -a COMMAND_LINE=("$0" "$@")
# Get current user name via whoami command
#   See https://www.lifewire.com/current-linux-user-whoami-command-3867579
# Because if run command by `sudo -u`, env var $USER is not rewritten/correct, just inherited from outside!
readonly USER="`whoami`"

################################################################################
# util functions
################################################################################

# NOTE: $'foo' is the escape sequence syntax of bash
readonly ec=$'\033' # escape char
readonly eend=$'\033[0m' # escape end

colorEcho() {
    local color=$1
    shift

    # if stdout is console, turn on color output.
    [ -t 1 ] && echo "$ec[1;${color}m$@$eend" || echo "$@"
}

colorPrint() {
    local color=$1
    shift

    colorEcho "$color" "$@"
    [ -n "$append_file" -a -w "$append_file" ] && echo "$@" >> "$append_file"
    [ -n "$store_dir" -a -w "$store_dir" ] && echo "$@" >> "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"
}

normalPrint() {
    echo "$@"
    [ -n "$append_file" -a -w "$append_file" ] && echo "$@" >> "$append_file"
    [ -n "$store_dir" -a -w "$store_dir" ] && echo "$@" >> "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"
}

redPrint() {
    colorPrint 31 "$@"
}

greenPrint() {
    colorPrint 32 "$@"
}

yellowPrint() {
    colorPrint 33 "$@"
}

bluePrint() {
    colorPrint 36 "$@"
}

die() {
    redPrint "Error: $@" 1>&2
    exit 1
}

logAndRun() {
    echo "$@"
    echo
    "$@"
}

logAndCat() {
    echo "$@"
    echo
    cat
}

usage() {
    local -r exit_code="$1"
    shift
    [ -n "$exit_code" -a "$exit_code" != 0 ] && local -r out=/dev/stderr || local -r out=/dev/stdout

    (( $# > 0 )) && { echo "$@"; echo; } > $out

    > $out cat <<EOF
Usage: ${PROG} [OPTION]... [delay [count]]
Find out the highest cpu consumed threads of java processes,
and print the stack of these threads.
Example:
  ${PROG}       # show busy java threads info
  ${PROG} 1     # update every 1 second, (stop by eg: CTRL+C)
  ${PROG} 3 10  # update every 3 seconds, update 10 times
Output control:
  -p, --pid <java pid>      find out the highest cpu consumed threads from
                            the specified java process.
                            default from all java process.
  -c, --count <num>         set the thread count to show, default is 5.
  -a, --append-file <file>  specifies the file to append output as log.
  -S, --store-dir <dir>     specifies the directory for storing
                            the intermediate files, and keep files.
                            default store intermediate files at tmp dir,
                            and auto remove after run. use this option to keep
                            files so as to review jstack/top/ps output later.
  delay                     the delay between updates in seconds.
  count                     the number of updates.
                            delay/count arguments imitates the style of
                            vmstat command.
jstack control:
  -s, --jstack-path <path>  specifies the path of jstack command.
  -F, --force               set jstack to force a thread dump. use when jstack
                            does not respond (process is hung).
  -m, --mix-native-frames   set jstack to print both java and native frames
                            (mixed mode).
  -l, --lock-info           set jstack with long listing.
                            prints additional information about locks.
CPU usage calculation control:
  -d, --top-delay           specifies the delay between top samples.
                            default is 0.5 (second). get thread cpu percentage
                            during this delay interval.
                            more info see top -d option. eg: -d 1 (1 second).
  -P, --use-ps              use ps command to find busy thread(cpu usage)
                            instead of top command.
                            default use top command, because cpu usage of
                            ps command is expressed as the percentage of
                            time spent running during the *entire lifetime*
                            of a process, this is not ideal in general.
Miscellaneous:
  -h, --help                display this help and exit.
EOF

    exit $exit_code
}

################################################################################
# Check os support
################################################################################

uname | grep '^Linux' -q || die "$PROG only support Linux, not support `uname` yet!"

################################################################################
# parse options
################################################################################

# NOTE: ARGS can not be declared as readonly!!
# readonly declaration make exit code of assignment to be always 0, aka. the exit code of `getopt` in subshell is discarded.
#   tested on bash 4.2.46
ARGS=`getopt -n "$PROG" -a -o p:c:a:s:S:Pd:Fmlh -l count:,pid:,append-file:,jstack-path:,store-dir:,use-ps,top-delay:,force,mix-native-frames,lock-info,help -- "$@"`
[ $? -ne 0 ] && { echo; usage 1; }
eval set -- "${ARGS}"

while true; do
    case "$1" in
    -c|--count)
        count="$2"
        shift 2
        ;;
    -p|--pid)
        pid="$2"
        shift 2
        ;;
    -a|--append-file)
        append_file="$2"
        shift 2
        ;;
    -s|--jstack-path)
        jstack_path="$2"
        shift 2
        ;;
    -S|--store-dir)
        store_dir="$2"
        shift 2
        ;;
    -P|--use-ps)
        use_ps=true
        shift
        ;;
    -d|--top-delay)
        top_delay="$2"
        shift 2
        ;;
    -F|--force)
        force=-F
        shift
        ;;
    -m|--mix-native-frames)
        mix_native_frames=-m
        shift
        ;;
    -l|--lock-info)
        more_lock_info=-l
        shift
        ;;
    -h|--help)
        usage
        ;;
    --)
        shift
        break
        ;;
    esac
done

count=${count:-5}

update_delay=${1:-0}
[ -z "$1" ] && update_count=1 || update_count=${2:-0}
(( update_count < 0 )) && update_count=0

top_delay=${top_delay:-0.5}
use_ps=${use_ps:-false}

# check the directory of append-file(-a) mode, create if not exsit.
if [ -n "$append_file" ]; then
    if [ -e "$append_file" ]; then
        [ -f "$append_file" ] || die "$append_file(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not a file!"
        [ -w "$append_file" ] || die "file $append_file(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not writable!"
    else
        append_file_dir="$(dirname "$append_file")"
        if [ -e "$append_file_dir" ]; then
            [ -d "$append_file_dir" ] || die "directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not a directory!"
            [ -w "$append_file_dir" ] || die "directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not writable!"
        else
            mkdir -p "$append_file_dir" || die "fail to create directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files)!"
        fi
    fi
fi

# check store directory(-S) mode, create directory if not exsit.
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
    if [ -e "$store_dir" ]; then
        [ -d "$store_dir" ] || die "$store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files) exists but is not a directory!"
        [ -w "$store_dir" ] || die "directory $store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files) exists but is not writable!"
    else
        mkdir -p "$store_dir" || die "fail to create directory $store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files)!"
    fi
fi

################################################################################
# check the existence of jstack command
################################################################################

if [ -n "$jstack_path" ]; then
    [ -f "$jstack_path" ] || die "$jstack_path is NOT found!"
    [ -x "$jstack_path" ] || die "$jstack_path is NOT executalbe!"
elif which jstack &> /dev/null; then
    jstack_path="`which jstack`"
else
    [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] || die "jstack not found on PATH and No JAVA_HOME setting! Use -s option set jstack path manually."
    [ -f "$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack" ] || die "jstack not found on PATH and \$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack($JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack) file does NOT exists! Use -s option set jstack path manually."
    [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack" ] || die "jstack not found on PATH and \$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack($JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack) is NOT executalbe! Use -s option set jstack path manually."
    jstack_path="$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack"
fi

################################################################################
# biz logic
################################################################################

readonly run_timestamp="`date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S.%N"`"
readonly uuid="${PROG}_${run_timestamp}_${RANDOM}_$$"

readonly tmp_store_dir="/tmp/${uuid}"
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
    readonly store_file_prefix="$store_dir/${run_timestamp}_"
else
    readonly store_file_prefix="$tmp_store_dir/${run_timestamp}_"
fi
mkdir -p "$tmp_store_dir"

cleanupWhenExit() {
    rm -rf "$tmp_store_dir" &> /dev/null
}
trap "cleanupWhenExit" EXIT

headInfo() {
    colorEcho "0;34;42" ================================================================================
    echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N") [$(( i + 1 ))/$update_count]: ${COMMAND_LINE[@]}"
    colorEcho "0;34;42" ================================================================================
    echo
}

if [ -n "${pid}" ]; then
    readonly ps_process_select_options="-p $pid"
else
    readonly ps_process_select_options="-C java -C jsvc"
fi

# output field: pid, thread id(lwp), pcpu, user
#   order by pcpu(percentage of cpu usage)
findBusyJavaThreadsByPs() {
    # 1. sort by %cpu by ps option `--sort -pcpu`
    # 2. use wide output(unlimited width) by ps option `-ww`
    #    avoid trunk user column to username_fo+ or $uid alike
    local -a ps_cmd_line=(ps $ps_process_select_options -wwLo pid,lwp,pcpu,user --sort -pcpu --no-headers)
    local -r ps_out="$("${ps_cmd_line[@]}")"
    if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
        echo "$ps_out" | logAndCat "${ps_cmd_line[@]}" > "${store_file_prefix}$(( i + 1 ))_ps"
    fi

    echo "$ps_out" | head -n "${count}"
}

# top with output field: thread id, %cpu
__top_threadId_cpu() {
    # 1. sort by %cpu by top option `-o %CPU`
    #    unfortunately, top version 3.2 does not support -o option(supports from top version 3.3+),
    #    use
    #       HOME="$tmp_store_dir" top -H -b -n 1
    #    combined
    #       sort
    #    instead of
    #       HOME="$tmp_store_dir" top -H -b -n 1 -o '%CPU'
    # 2. change HOME env var when run top,
    #    so as to prevent top command output format being change by .toprc user config file unexpectedly
    # 3. use option `-d 0.5`(update interval 0.5 second) and `-n 2`(update 2 times),
    #    and use second time update data to get cpu percentage of thread in 0.5 second interval
    # 4. top v3.3, there is 1 black line between 2 update;
    #    but top v3.2, there is 2 blank lines between 2 update!
    local -a top_cmd_line=(top -H -b -d $top_delay -n 2)
    local -r top_out=$(HOME="$tmp_store_dir" "${top_cmd_line[@]}")
    if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
        echo "$top_out" | logAndCat "${top_cmd_line[@]}" > "${store_file_prefix}$(( i + 1 ))_top"
    fi

    echo "$top_out" |
        awk 'BEGIN { blockIndex = 0; currentLineHasText = 0; prevLineHasText = 0; } {
            currentLineHasText = ($0 != "")
            if (prevLineHasText && !currentLineHasText)
                blockIndex++    # from text line to empty line, increase block index
            if (blockIndex == 3 && ($NF == "java" || $NF == "jsvc"))   # $NF(last field) is command field
                # only print 4th text block(blockIndex == 3), aka. process info of second top update
                print $1 " " $9     # $1 is thread id field, $9 is %cpu field
            prevLineHasText = currentLineHasText    # update prevLineHasText
        }' | sort -k2,2nr
}

__complete_pid_user_by_ps() {
    # ps output field: pid, thread id(lwp), user
    local -a ps_cmd_line=(ps $ps_process_select_options -wwLo pid,lwp,user --no-headers)
    local -r ps_out="$("${ps_cmd_line[@]}")"
    if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
        echo "$ps_out" | logAndCat "${ps_cmd_line[@]}" > "${store_file_prefix}$(( i + 1 ))_ps"
    fi

    local idx=0
    local -a line
    while IFS=" " read -a line ; do
        (( idx < count )) || break

        local threadId="${line[0]}"
        local pcpu="${line[1]}"

        # output field: pid, threadId, pcpu, user
        local output_fields="$( echo "$ps_out" |
            awk -v "threadId=$threadId" -v "pcpu=$pcpu" '$2==threadId {
                printf "%s %s %s %s\n", $1, threadId, pcpu, $3; exit
            }' )"
        if [ -n "$output_fields" ]; then
            (( idx++ ))
            echo "$output_fields"
        fi
    done
}

# output format is same as function findBusyJavaThreadsByPs
findBusyJavaThreadsByTop() {
    __top_threadId_cpu | __complete_pid_user_by_ps
}

printStackOfThreads() {
    local -a line
    local idx=0
    while IFS=" " read -a line ; do
        local pid="${line[0]}"
        local threadId="${line[1]}"
        local threadId0x="0x`printf %x ${threadId}`"
        local pcpu="${line[2]}"
        local user="${line[3]}"

        (( idx++ ))
        local jstackFile="${store_file_prefix}$(( i + 1 ))_jstack_${pid}"
        [ -f "${jstackFile}" ] || {
            local -a jstack_cmd_line=( "$jstack_path" ${force} $mix_native_frames $more_lock_info ${pid} )
            if [ "${user}" == "${USER}" ]; then
                # run without sudo, when java process user is current user
                logAndRun "${jstack_cmd_line[@]}" > ${jstackFile}
            elif [ $UID == 0 ]; then
                # if java process user is not current user, must run jstack with sudo
                logAndRun sudo -u "${user}" "${jstack_cmd_line[@]}" > ${jstackFile}
            else
                # current user is not root user, so can not run with sudo; print error message and rerun suggestion
                redPrint "[$idx] Fail to jstack busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user})."
                redPrint "User of java process($user) is not current user($USER), need sudo to rerun:"
                yellowPrint "    sudo ${COMMAND_LINE[@]}"
                normalPrint
                continue
            fi || {
                redPrint "[$idx] Fail to jstack busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user})."
                normalPrint
                rm "${jstackFile}" &> /dev/null
                continue
            }
        }

        bluePrint "[$idx] Busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user}):"

        if [ -n "$mix_native_frames" ]; then
            local sed_script="/--------------- $threadId ---------------/,/^---------------/ {
                /--------------- $threadId ---------------/b # skip first separator line
                /^---------------/d # delete second separator line
                p
            }"
        elif [ -n "$force" ]; then
            local sed_script="/^Thread ${threadId}:/,/^$/ {
                /^$/d; p # delete end separator line
            }"
        else
            local sed_script="/ nid=${threadId0x} /,/^$/ {
                /^$/d; p # delete end separator line
            }"
        fi
        {
            sed "$sed_script" -n ${jstackFile}
            echo
        } | tee ${append_file:+-a "$append_file"} ${store_dir:+-a "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"}
    done
}

################################################################################
# Main
################################################################################

main() {
    local i
    # if update_count <= 0, infinite loop till user interrupted (eg: CTRL+C)
    for (( i = 0; update_count <= 0 || i < update_count; ++i )); do
        (( i > 0 )) && sleep "$update_delay"

        [ -n "$append_file" -o -n "$store_dir" ] && headInfo | tee ${append_file:+-a "$append_file"} ${store_dir:+-a "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"} > /dev/null
        (( update_count != 1 )) && headInfo

        if $use_ps; then
            findBusyJavaThreadsByPs
        else
            findBusyJavaThreadsByTop
        fi | printStackOfThreads
    done
}

main