如何使用过滤器Filter、拦截器Interceptor

本篇基于springboot 2.5.1开发，工程结构如下：

1. 创建过滤器MyFilter，MyFilter2

package com.example.demo.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MyFilter implements Filter {
   @Override
   public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
       System.out.println("Filter:init");
   }

   @Override
   public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
       System.out.println("Filter:do start");
       filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
       System.out.println("Filter:do end");
   }

   @Override
   public void destroy() {
       System.out.println("Filter:destroy");
   }
}

package com.example.demo.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MyFilter2 implements Filter {
   @Override
   public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
       System.out.println("Filter2:init");
   }

   @Override
   public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
       System.out.println("Filter2:do start");
       filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
       System.out.println("Filter2:do end");
   }

   @Override
   public void destroy() {
       System.out.println("Filter2:destroy");
   }
}

2.创建拦截器MyInterceptor，MyInterceptor2

package com.example.demo.interceptor;

import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

   @Override
   public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
           throws Exception {
       System.out.println("Interceptor:preHandle");
       return true;
   }

   @Override
   public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                          @Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
       System.out.println("Interceptor:postHandle");
   }

   @Override
   public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                               @Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception {
       System.out.println("Interceptor:afterCompletion");
   }

}

package com.example.demo.interceptor;

import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {

   @Override
   public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
           throws Exception {
       System.out.println("Interceptor2:preHandle");
       return true;
   }

   @Override
   public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                          @Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
       System.out.println("Interceptor2:postHandle");
   }

   @Override
   public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                               @Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception {
       System.out.println("Interceptor2:afterCompletion");
   }

}

3. 创建配置类，配置过滤器、拦截器

package com.example.demo.config;

import com.example.demo.filter.MyFilter;
import com.example.demo.filter.MyFilter2;
import com.example.demo.interceptor.MyInterceptor;
import com.example.demo.interceptor.MyInterceptor2;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

import java.util.Collections;

@Configuration
public class MyConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**").order(2);
        registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor2()).addPathPatterns("/**").order(1);
    }

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean addFilter() {
        FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter> bean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
        bean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
        bean.setUrlPatterns(Collections.singletonList("/*"));
        bean.setOrder(2);
        return bean;
    }

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean addFilter2() {
        FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter2> bean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
        bean.setFilter(new MyFilter2());
        bean.setUrlPatterns(Collections.singletonList("/*"));
        bean.setOrder(1);
        return bean;
    }

}

4. 编写一个Controller测试

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class MyController {

    @GetMapping("sayHello")
    public String sayHello() {
        System.out.println("Controller:sayHello");
        return "Hello world!";
    }

}

5. 启动项目，验证结果
   
   
   简单分析：按Filter配置顺序，先执行了Filter2，再到Filter，然后按拦截器配置顺序执行Interceptor2的前置处理，再到Interceptor的前置处理，接着执行Controller方法，然后执行Interceptor的postHandle，Interceptor2的postHandle等等；在Controller之前越先执行的Filter，Interceptor，在Controller之后顺序就会越靠后执行。

参考：
springboot配置监听器、过滤器和拦截器
滤器，拦截器，监听器