黑猴子的家：HBase Java API 基本操作

注意，这部分的学习内容，我们先学习使用老版本的API，接着再写出新版本的API调用方式。因为在企业中，有些时候我们需要一些过时的API来提供更好的兼容性。

1、HBase API Code -> GitHub

https://github.com/liufengji/HBase_API_Demo.git

2、安装Maven并配置环境变量

https://www.jianshu.com/p/79544e383b6e

3、新建Maven Project

新建项目后在pom.xml中添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase-server</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>jdk.tools</groupId>
    <artifactId>jdk.tools</artifactId>
    <version>1.8</version>
    <scope>system</scope>
    <systemPath>${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar</systemPath>
</dependency>

4、编写HBaseAPI

注意，这部分的学习内容，我们先学习使用老版本的API，接着再写出新版本的API调用方式。因为在企业中，有些时候我们需要一些过时的API来提供更好的兼容性。

1）首先需要获取Configuration对象

public static Configuration conf;
static{
    //使用HBaseConfiguration的单例方法实例化
    conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
    conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "192.168.216.20");
    conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
}

2）判断表是否存在

public static boolean isTableExist(String tableName) 
throws MasterNotRunningException,ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{
    //在HBase中管理、访问表需要先创建HBaseAdmin对象
    //Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
    //HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin) connection.getAdmin();
    HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
    return admin.tableExists(tableName);
}

3）创建表

public static void createTable(String tableName, String... columnFamily) 
  throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{

    HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);

    //判断表是否存在
    if(isTableExist(tableName)){
        System.out.println("表" + tableName + "已存在");
        //System.exit(0);
    }else{
        //创建表属性对象,表名需要转字节
        HTableDescriptor descriptor = 
                          new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        //创建多个列族
        for(String cf : columnFamily){
            descriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(cf));
        }
        //根据对表的配置，创建表
        admin.createTable(descriptor);
        System.out.println("表" + tableName + "创建成功！");
    }
}

4）删除表

public static void dropTable(String tableName) 
     throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{
    HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
    if(isExisTables (tableName)){
        admin.disableTable(tableName);
        admin.deleteTable(tableName);
        System.out.println("表" + tableName + "删除成功！");
    }else{
        System.out.println("表" + tableName + "不存在！");
    }
}

5）向表中插入数据

public static void addRowData(String tableName, String rowKey, 
      String columnFamily, String column, String value) throws IOException{

    //创建HTable对象
    HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
    //向表中插入数据
    Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
    //向Put对象中组装数据
    put.add(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), 
            Bytes.toBytes(column), 
            Bytes.toBytes(value));
    hTable.put(put);
    hTable.close();
    System.out.println("插入数据成功");
}

6）删除一行数据

//删除一行
public static void deleteRow(String tableName, String rowKey) throws Exception {
    HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
    Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
    hTable.delete(delete);
    hTable.close();
    System.out.println("删除数据成功");
}

7）删除多行数据

public static void deleteMultiRow(String tableName, String... rows) 
throws IOException{
    HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
    List<Delete> deleteList = new ArrayList<Delete>();
    for(String row : rows){
        Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(row));
        deleteList.add(delete);
    }
    hTable.delete(deleteList);
    hTable.close();
}

8）得到所有数据

public static void getAllRows(String tableName) throws IOException{
    HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
    //得到用于扫描region的对象
    Scan scan = new Scan();
    //使用HTable得到resultcanner实现类的对象
    ResultScanner resultScanner = hTable.getScanner(scan);
    for(Result result : resultScanner){
        Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
        for(Cell cell : cells){
          //得到rowkey
          System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)));
          //得到列族
          System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
          System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
          System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
        }
    }
}

9）得到某一行所有数据

public static void getRow(String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException{
    HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
    Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
    //get.setMaxVersions();显示所有版本
    //get.setTimeStamp();显示指定时间戳的版本
    Result result = table.get(get);
    for(Cell cell : result.rawCells()){
        System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));
        System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
        System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
        System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
        System.out.println("时间戳:" + cell.getTimestamp());
    }
}

10）获取某一行指定“列族:列”的数据

public static void getRowQualifier(String tableName, String rowKey, String family, 
                 String qualifier) throws IOException{

    HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
    Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
    get.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
    Result result = table.get(get);
    for(Cell cell : result.rawCells()){
       System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));
       System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
       System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
       System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
    }

}

11）主方法

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //判断HBase表是否存在
        //System.out.println(isTableExist("Student"));
        
        //创建表
        //createTable("staff", "info","fa");
        
        //删除表
        //dropTable("staff");
        
        //添加一行数据
        //addRow("staff", "1001", "info", "name", "Nick");
        //addRow("staff", "1002", "info", "name", "Nick");
        //addRow("staff", "1003", "info", "sex", "女");
        
        //删除一行
        //deleteRow("staff", "1001");
        
        //删除多行
        //deleteMultiRow("staff","1001","1002","1003");
        
        //获取所有数据
        //getAllRows("staff");
        
        //获取一行
        //getRow("staff","1001");
        
        //只获取一列
        //getRowQualifier("staff","1003","info","sex");
}

尖叫提示：core-site.xml hbase-site.xml hdfs-site.xml log4j.properties 放入src/main/resources目录下