黑猴子的家：Hive 表的优化之 小表 Join 大表

将key相对分散，并且数据量小的表放在join的左边，这样可以有效减少内存溢出错误发生的几率；再进一步，可以使用Group让小的维度表（1000条以下的记录条数）先进内存。在map端完成reduce。

实际测试发现：新版的hive已经对小表JOIN大表和大表JOIN小表进行了优化。小表放在左边和右边已经没有明显区别。
案例实操

测试大表JOIN小表和小表JOIN大表的效率

1、建大表、小表和JOIN后表的语句

hive (default)> create table bigtable(id bigint, time bigint, uid string, 
keyword string,url_rank int, click_num int, click_url string) 
row format delimited fields 
terminated by '\t';

hive (default)> create table smalltable(id bigint, time bigint, uid string, 
keyword string,url_rank int, click_num int, click_url string) 
row format delimited fields 
terminated by '\t';

hive (default)> create table jointable(id bigint, time bigint, uid string, 
keyword string,url_rank int, click_num int, click_url string) 
row format delimited fields 
terminated by '\t';

2、分别向大表和小表中导入数据

hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/bigtable' 
into table bigtable;

hive (default)>load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/smalltable' 
into table smalltable;

3、关闭mapjoin功能（默认是打开的）

hive (default)> set hive.auto.convert.join = false;

4、执行小表JOIN大表语句

hive (default)> insert overwrite table jointable
select b.id, b.time, b.uid, b.keyword, b.url_rank, b.click_num, b.click_url
from smalltable s
left join bigtable  b
on b.id = s.id;
Time taken: 35.921 seconds

5、执行大表JOIN小表语句

hive (default)> insert overwrite table jointable
select b.id, b.time, b.uid, b.keyword, b.url_rank, b.click_num, b.click_url
from bigtable  b
left join smalltable  s
on s.id = b.id;
Time taken: 34.196 seconds