黑猴子的家：python 内置方法详解

1、官网地址

https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html

2、all

# Author:黑猴子的家

# all判断全部是不是true  非0就是true
>>> all([0,-5,3])
False

>>> all([-1,-5,3])
True

3、any

# Author:黑猴子的家
# any  只要有一个是真的，就是真的,非0就是true

>>> any([0,-5,3])
true

4、ascii

>>> ascii([1,2,'开外挂'])
[1, 2, '\u5f00\u5916\u6302']

>>> a = ascii([1,2,'开外挂'])
>>> type(a)
<class 'str'> 

>>> [a]
["[1, 2, '\\u5f00\\u5916\\u6302']"]

5、bin

#十进制 转二进制
>>> bin(10)
'0b1010'

6、bytes

# 字符串 不能修改
# 二进制字节更不能修改

>>> b = bytes("abcde",encoding="utf-8")
>>> b
b'abcde'

>>> b.capitalize()
b'Abcde'

7、bytearray

# bytearray 改二进制

>>> c = bytearray("abcde",encoding="utf-8")
>>> c
bytearray(b'abcde')

>>> c[1]
98

>>> c[1] = 50
>>> c
bytearray(b'a2cde')

8、callable

>>> def sayhi():pass
# 判断 是不是可以被调用

>>> callable(sayhi)
True

9、chr

#返回 ascii 码

>>> chr(87)
'W'

10、ord

#与chr相反

>>> ord('a')
97

11、compile

>>> code = "for i in range(5):print(i)"
>>> d = compile(code,'','exec')
>>> exec(d)
0
1
2
3
4

12、eval

>>> code1 = "1+3/2*6"
>>> e = compile(code1,'','eval')
>>> eval(e)
10

13、dict

#生成默认字典
>>> dict()
{ }

14、dir

>>> f = []
#查找 f 中 有什么可以执行的方法
>>> dir(f)
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', 
'__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', 
'__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__',
 '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__',
 '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', 
'__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 
'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 
'reverse', 'sort']

15、divmod

#返回商和余数
>>> divmod(5,2)
(2, 1)

>>> divmod(5,3)
(1, 2)

>>> divmod(5,1)
(5, 0)

16、匿名函数

>>> def sayhiq(n):print(n)
>>> sayhiq(3)
3

#匿名函数
>>> (lambda n:print(n))(5)
5

>>> cala2 = lambda n:print(n)
>>> cala2(6)
6

17、filter

>>> res = filter(lambda n:n>5,range(10))
>>> for i in res:print(i)
6
7
8
9

18、map

# map 对传入的每一个值，进行操作
# [ i * 2 for i in range(5) ]
# res2 = [lambda i:i*2 for i in range(5) ]
>>> mapres = map(lambda n:n*n,range(5)) 
>>>for i in mapres:print(i)
0
1
4
9
16

19、functools

>>> import functools
>>> res3 = functools.reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,range(10))
>>> res3
45

>>> res4 = functools.reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,10))
>>> res4
362880

20、frozenset

#不可变列表
>>> res5 = frozenset([1,4,33,212,44,35,3])
>>> res5
frozenset({1, 33, 35, 4, 3, 44, 212})

21、globals

# 查看一个变量存不存在
>>> globals()
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, 
'__loader__': 
<_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000000556550>, 
'__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {},
 '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 
'__file__': 'E:/workspace/python/sk14/day04/10_内置函数.py', 
'__cached__': None, 'a': "[1, 2, '\\u5f00\\u5916\\u6302']", 'b': b'abcde', 
'c': bytearray(b'a2cde'), 'sayhi': <function sayhi at 0x0000000002975488>, 
'code': 'for i in range(10):print(i)',
 'd': <code object <module> at 0x0000000002923F60, file "", line 1>, 
'i': 16, 'code1': '1+3/2*6',
 'e': <code object <module> at 0x0000000002923ED0, file "", line 1>,
 'f': [], 'sayhiq': <function sayhiq at 0x00000000029757B8>, 
'cala2': <function <lambda> at 0x0000000002975840>,
 'res': <filter object at 0x00000000029F35F8>,
 'mapres': <map object at 0x00000000029F36A0>, 
'functools': <module 'functools' from 'C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\lib\\functools.py'>, 
'res3': 45, 'res4': 362880, 'res5': frozenset({1, 33, 35, 4, 3, 44, 212})}

22、hash

#hash算法
>>> hash(123456)
123456

>>> hash('abcd')
-696729189093811612

23、hex

#十进制转十六进制
>>> hex(10)
0xa

>>> hex(5)
0x5

24、locals

>>> def tt1():
...     local_var = 333
...     print(locals())
...     print(globals())
...
>>> tt1()
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None,
 '__loader__':
 <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000000556550>, 
'__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {},
 '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>,
 '__file__': 'E:/workspace/python/sk14/day04/10_内置函数.py', 
'__cached__': None, 'a': "[1, 2, '\\u5f00\\u5916\\u6302']",
 'b': b'abcde', 'c': bytearray(b'a2cde'),
 'sayhi': <function sayhi at 0x0000000002975488>,
 'code': 'for i in range(10):print(i)', 
'd': <code object <module> at 0x0000000002923F60, file "", line 1>,
 'i': 16, 'code1': '1+3/2*6',
 'e': <code object <module> at 0x0000000002923ED0, file "", line 1>,
 'f': [], 'sayhiq': <function sayhiq at 0x00000000029757B8>,
 'cala2': <function <lambda> at 0x0000000002975840>,
 'res': <filter object at 0x00000000029F35F8>, 
'mapres': <map object at 0x00000000029F36A0>,
 'functools': <module 'functools' from 'C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\lib\\functools.py'>,
 'res3': 45, 'res4': 362880, 'res5': frozenset({1, 33, 35, 4, 3, 44, 212}), 
'tt1': <function tt1 at 0x00000000029759D8>}

>>> globals()
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None,
 '__loader__':
 <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000000556550>, 
'__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {},
 '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>,
 '__file__': 'E:/workspace/python/sk14/day04/10_内置函数.py', 
'__cached__': None, 'a': "[1, 2, '\\u5f00\\u5916\\u6302']",
 'b': b'abcde', 'c': bytearray(b'a2cde'),
 'sayhi': <function sayhi at 0x0000000002975488>,
 'code': 'for i in range(10):print(i)', 
'd': <code object <module> at 0x0000000002923F60, file "", line 1>,
 'i': 16, 'code1': '1+3/2*6',
 'e': <code object <module> at 0x0000000002923ED0, file "", line 1>,
 'f': [], 'sayhiq': <function sayhiq at 0x00000000029757B8>,
 'cala2': <function <lambda> at 0x0000000002975840>,
 'res': <filter object at 0x00000000029F35F8>, 
'mapres': <map object at 0x00000000029F36A0>,
 'functools': <module 'functools' from 'C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\lib\\functools.py'>,
 'res3': 45, 'res4': 362880, 'res5': frozenset({1, 33, 35, 4, 3, 44, 212}), 
'tt1': <function tt1 at 0x00000000029759D8>}

>>> print(globals().get('local_var'))
None

25、max

>>> res6 = [1,3,5,7,8]
>>> max(res6)
8

26、min

>>> res6 = [1,3,5,7,8]
>>> min(res6)
1

27、repr

# python 中 一切皆对象，什么叫做对象，世界万物皆对象
kk = bytearray("abcde",encoding="utf-8")
#将一个对象转成字符串
>>> repr(kk)

28、round

>>> round(1.3342)
1

>>> round(1.3342,2)
1.33

29、slice

#切片
>>> res7 = range(20)
>>> res7[slice(2,5)]
range(2, 5)

30、sorted

>>> res8 = { 6:2,8:0,1:4,-5:6,99:11,4:22 }
>>> res8
{6: 2, 8: 0, 1: 4, -5: 6, 99: 11, 4: 22}

>>> sorted(res8)
[-5, 1, 4, 6, 8, 99]

#按照key排序
>>> sorted(res8.items())
[(-5, 6), (1, 4), (4, 22), (6, 2), (8, 0), (99, 11)]

#按照values排序
>>> sorted(res8.items(),key=lambda x:x[1])
[(8, 0), (6, 2), (1, 4), (-5, 6), (99, 11), (4, 22)]

31、zip

#拉链
>>> nan = [1,2,3,4]
>>> nv = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> for i in zip(nan,nv):print(i)
(1, 'a')
(2, 'b')
(3, 'c')
(4, 'd')

32、decorator

#只知道字符串的时候的导入方式
# import decorator
# import 'decorator'
__import__('decorator')