socket编程

• 前言
• AsyncSocket介绍
• AsyncSocket详解
• AsyncSocket示例

---

一、前言

公司的项目用到了Socket编程，之前在学习的过程当中，用到的更多的还是http请求的方式。但是既然用到了就必须学习一下，所以就在网上找一些例子，然后想自己写一个demo。可是发现很多写iOS Socket的博客并没有很详细的说明，也可能是大神们觉得其他东西都浅显易懂。

自己专研了一下，将自己的一些理解总结出来，一方面整理自己的学习思路，另一方面，为一些和我有同样困惑的小伙伴们，稍做指引。

---

二、 AsyncSocket介绍

iOS中Socket编程的方式有哪些？

－BSD Socket

BSD Socket 是UNIX系统中通用的网络接口，它不仅支持各种不同的网络类型，而且也是一种内部进程之间的通信机制。而iOS系统其实本质就是UNIX，所以可以用，但是比较复杂。

－CFSocket

CFSocket是苹果提供给我们的使用Socket的方式，但是用起来还是会不太顺手。当然想使用的话，可以细细研究一下。

－AsyncSocket

这次博客的主讲内容，也是我们在开发项目中经常会用到的。

2⃣️为什么选择AsyncSocket？

iphone的CFNetwork编程比较艰深。使用AsyncSocket开源库来开发相对较简单，帮助我们封装了很多东西。

---

三、AsyncSocket详解

 1⃣️说明

在我们开发当中，我们主要的任务是开发客户端。所以详解里主要将客户端的整个连接建立过程，以及在说明时候回调哪些函数。在后面的示例代码中，也会给出服务器端的简单开发。

2⃣️过程详解

1.建立连接

- (int)connectServer:(NSString *)hostIP port:(int)hostPort

2.连接成功后，会回调的函数

- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didConnectToHost:(NSString *)host port:(UInt16)port

3.发送数据

- (void)writeData:(NSData *)data withTimeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout tag:(long)tag;

4.接受数据

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag

5.断开连接

- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock willDisconnectWithError:(NSError *)err

- (void)onSocketDidDisconnect:(AsyncSocket *)sock

主要就是上述的几个方法，只是说在真正开发当中，很可能我们在收发数据的时候，我们收发的数据并不仅仅是一个字符串包装成NSData即可，我们很可能会发送结构体等类型，这个时候我们就需要和服务器端的人员协作来开发：定义怎样的结构体。

---

四、AsyncSocket示例

客户端代码

#import "ViewController.h"

#define SRV_CONNECTED 0
#define SRV_CONNECT_SUC 1
#define SRV_CONNECT_FAIL 2
#define HOST_IP @"192.168.83.40"
#define HOST_PORT 8008

@interface ViewController ()
{
  NSString *_content;
}
-(int) connectServer: (NSString *) hostIP port:(int) hostPort;
-(void)showMessage:(NSString *) msg;
@end

@implementation ViewController

@synthesize clientSocket,tbInputMsg,lblOutputMsg;

#pragma mark - view lifecycle
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
  [super viewDidLoad];
  
  [self connectServer:HOST_IP port:HOST_PORT];
}
- (void)viewDidUnload
{
  [super viewDidUnload];
  [clientSocket release], clientSocket = nil;
  [tbInputMsg release], tbInputMsg = nil;
  [lblOutputMsg release], lblOutputMsg = nil;
}

- (int)connectServer:(NSString *)hostIP port:(int)hostPort
{
  if (clientSocket == nil)
  {
    // 在需要联接地方使用connectToHost联接服务器
    clientSocket = [[AsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
    NSError *err = nil;
    if (![clientSocket connectToHost:hostIP onPort:hostPort error:&err])
    {
      NSLog(@"Error %d:%@", err.code, [err localizedDescription]);
      
      UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:[@"Connection failed to host" stringByAppendingString:hostIP] message:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d:%@",err.code,err.localizedDescription] delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil];
      [alert show];
      [alert release];
      return SRV_CONNECT_FAIL;
    } else {
      NSLog(@"Connected!");
      return SRV_CONNECT_SUC;
    }
  }
  else {
    return SRV_CONNECTED;
  }
}

#pragma mark - IBAction
// 发送数据
- (IBAction) sendMsg:(id)sender
{
  NSString *inputMsgStr = tbInputMsg.text;
  NSString * content = [inputMsgStr stringByAppendingString:@"\r\n"];
  NSLog(@"%@",content);
  NSData *data = [content dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
  // NSData *data = [content dataUsingEncoding:NSISOLatin1StringEncoding];
  [clientSocket writeData:data withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}
// 连接/重新连接
- (IBAction) reconnect:(id)sender
{
  int stat = [self connectServer:HOST_IP port:HOST_PORT];
  switch (stat) {
    case SRV_CONNECT_SUC:
      [self showMessage:@"connect success"];
      break;
    case SRV_CONNECTED:
      [self showMessage:@"It's connected,don't agian"];
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
}
- (void)showMessage:(NSString *)msg
{
  UIAlertView * alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"Alert!"
                          message:msg
                           delegate:nil
                      cancelButtonTitle:@"OK"
                      otherButtonTitles:nil];
  [alert show];
  [alert release];
}
- (IBAction)textFieldDoneEditing:(id)sender
{
  [tbInputMsg resignFirstResponder];
}
- (IBAction)backgroundTouch:(id)sender
{
  [tbInputMsg resignFirstResponder];
}

#pragma mark socket delegate
- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didConnectToHost:(NSString *)host port:(UInt16)port
{
  [clientSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}

- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock willDisconnectWithError:(NSError *)err
{
  NSLog(@"Error");
}

- (void)onSocketDidDisconnect:(AsyncSocket *)sock
{
  NSString *msg = @"Sorry this connect is failure";
  [self showMessage:msg];
  [msg release];
  clientSocket = nil;
}

- (void)onSocketDidSecure:(AsyncSocket *)sock
{
}

// 接收到数据（可以通过tag区分）
-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag
{
  NSString* aStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
  _content = lblOutputMsg.text;
  NSLog(@"Hava received datas is :%@",aStr);
  NSString *newStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"\n%@", aStr];
  lblOutputMsg.text = [_content stringByAppendingString:newStr];
  [aStr release];
  [clientSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}

@end

服务器端代码

#import "SocketView.h"
#import "AsyncSocket.h"

#define WELCOME_MSG  0
#define ECHO_MSG	 1

#define FORMAT(format, ...) [NSString stringWithFormat:(format), ##__VA_ARGS__]

@interface SocketView (PrivateAPI)
- (void)logError:(NSString *)msg;
- (void)logInfo:(NSString *)msg;
- (void)logMessage:(NSString *)msg;
@end

@implementation SocketView

// 初始化
- (void)awakeFromNib
{
  listenSocket = [[AsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
  [listenSocket setRunLoopModes:[NSArray arrayWithObject:NSRunLoopCommonModes]];
  
  connectedSockets = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:1];
  isRunning = NO;
  
  [logView setString:@""];
  // [portField setString:@"8080"];
}

- (IBAction)startStop:(id)sender
{
  if(!isRunning)
  {
    int port = [portField intValue];
    
    if(port < 0 || port > 65535)
    {
      port = 0; // 会随即取端口
    }
    
    NSError *error = nil;
    if(![listenSocket acceptOnPort:port error:&error])
    {
      [self logError:FORMAT(@"Error starting server: %@", error)];
      return;
    }
    
    [self logInfo:FORMAT(@"Echo server started on port %hu", [listenSocket localPort])];
    isRunning = YES;
    
    [portField setEnabled:NO];
    [startStopButton setTitle:@"Stop"];
  }
  else
  {
    // Stop accepting connections
    [listenSocket disconnect];
    
    // Stop any client connections
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < [connectedSockets count]; i++)
    {
      // Call disconnect on the socket,
      // which will invoke the onSocketDidDisconnect: method,
      // which will remove the socket from the list.
      [[connectedSockets objectAtIndex:i] disconnect];
    }
    
    [self logInfo:@"Stopped Echo server"];
    isRunning = false;
    
    [portField setEnabled:YES];
    [startStopButton setTitle:@"Start"];
  }
}

- (void)scrollToBottom
{
  NSScrollView *scrollView = [logView enclosingScrollView];
  NSPoint newScrollOrigin;
  
  if ([[scrollView documentView] isFlipped])
    newScrollOrigin = NSMakePoint(0.0, NSMaxY([[scrollView documentView] frame]));
  else
    newScrollOrigin = NSMakePoint(0.0, 0.0);
  
  [[scrollView documentView] scrollPoint:newScrollOrigin];
}

- (void)logError:(NSString *)msg
{
  NSString *paragraph = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n", msg];
  
  NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:1];
  [attributes setObject:[NSColor redColor] forKey:NSForegroundColorAttributeName];
  
  NSAttributedString *as = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:paragraph attributes:attributes];
  [as autorelease];
  
  [[logView textStorage] appendAttributedString:as];
  [self scrollToBottom];
}

- (void)logInfo:(NSString *)msg
{
  NSString *paragraph = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n", msg];
  
  NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:1];
  [attributes setObject:[NSColor purpleColor] forKey:NSForegroundColorAttributeName];
  
  NSAttributedString *as = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:paragraph attributes:attributes];
  [as autorelease];
  
  [[logView textStorage] appendAttributedString:as];
  [self scrollToBottom];
}

- (void)logMessage:(NSString *)msg
{
  NSString *paragraph = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n", msg];
  
  NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:1];
  [attributes setObject:[NSColor blackColor] forKey:NSForegroundColorAttributeName];
  
  NSAttributedString *as = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:paragraph attributes:attributes];
  [as autorelease];
  
  [[logView textStorage] appendAttributedString:as];
  [self scrollToBottom];
}

- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didAcceptNewSocket:(AsyncSocket *)newSocket
{
  [connectedSockets addObject:newSocket];
}

// 客户连接成功！
- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didConnectToHost:(NSString *)host port:(UInt16)port
{
  [self logInfo:FORMAT(@"Accepted client %@:%hu", host, port)];
  
  NSString *welcomeMsg = @"恭喜您,已经通过scoket连接上服务器!";
  NSData *welcomeData = [welcomeMsg dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
  
  [sock writeData:welcomeData withTimeout:-1 tag:WELCOME_MSG];
  
  // We could call readDataToData:withTimeout:tag: here - that would be perfectly fine.
  // If we did this, we'd want to add a check in onSocket:didWriteDataWithTag: and only
  // queue another read if tag != WELCOME_MSG.
}

- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didWriteDataWithTag:(long)tag
{
   [sock readDataToData:[AsyncSocket CRLFData] withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}
// 接收到数据
- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag
{
  NSData *strData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, [data length] - 2)];
  NSString *recvMsg = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:strData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] autorelease];
  if(recvMsg)
  {
    [self logMessage:recvMsg];
  }
  else
  {
    [self logError:@"Error converting received data into UTF-8 String"];
  }
  NSString *backStr = nil;
  for (AsyncSocket *socket in connectedSockets) {
    if ([sock isEqualTo:socket]) {
      backStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"我说: %@",recvMsg];
    } else {
      backStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"他说: %@",recvMsg];
    }
  }
  
  // 回发数据
  NSData* backData = [backStr dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
  [sock writeData:backData withTimeout:-1 tag:ECHO_MSG];
}

- (void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock willDisconnectWithError:(NSError *)err
{
  [self logInfo:FORMAT(@"Client Disconnected: %@:%hu", [sock connectedHost], [sock connectedPort])];
}

- (void)onSocketDidDisconnect:(AsyncSocket *)sock
{
  [connectedSockets removeObject:sock];
}

@end