Spring 注解

注解只是一种特殊的标记，要使它具备特殊的含义或者是特殊的执行效果就需要配合 反射 来用

注解分为元注解和自定义注解
元注解就是用来注解其他的注解 如：
 1、Target 用来注解对象类型--当前对象是用在类，方法，字段---用到枚举 ElementType
 2、Retention 用来注解对象的保留时间-SOURCE（编译时）,CLASS（字节码）,RUNTIME（运行时）等

自定义注解
规范
1、类的声明
public @interface Controller{}
2、变量声明
String value();

String[] values();

注解实例

模拟spring注解中的@RequestMapping和@Controller

/**
 * 定义RequestMapping注解
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface RequestMapping {

	String value();
}

/**
 * 定义Controller注解
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Controller {
	
}

/**
 * 继承HttpServlet，配合反射
 * Servlet implementation class DispachterServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/")
public class DispachterServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	//存储controller类-类名对应类
	Map<String,Object> controllers = new HashMap<String,Object>();
	//存储方法--注解对应方法
	Map<String,Method> methods = new HashMap<String,Method>(); 
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public DispachterServlet() {
        super();
    }
    /**
     * 初始化
     */
    @Override
    public void init(){//模拟spring Mvc
    	System.out.println("开始初始化");
    	//1扫描基础包，通过file对象 使用io读取文件名-文件名与类名一致
    	//简易实现
    	String[] className = {"com.yd.test.IndexController","com.yd.test.TestController"};
    	try {
    		for (String cn: className) {
    			Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(cn);
    			//将类名和实例装进map中
    			controllers.put(clazz.getName(), clazz.newInstance());
    			Method[] ms = clazz.getMethods();
    			//获取当前类的注解
    			RequestMapping classAnnotation = clazz.getAnnotation(RequestMapping.class);
    			String requestpath = "";
    			for (Method method : ms) {
    				RequestMapping methodAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(RequestMapping.class);
    				if(methodAnnotation==null){
    					continue;
    				}
    				//java类中的注解与方法注解进行合并，拼成完整路径
    				if(classAnnotation!=null){
    					requestpath = classAnnotation.value()+methodAnnotation.value();
    				}else{
    					requestpath = methodAnnotation.value();
    				}
    				//存入map中
    				methods.put(requestpath, method);
    			}
    		}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
    }
	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("进入doGet");
		//在此步骤中要获取访问路径
		try {  //调用管理请求转向方法
			manageRequest(request,response);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}		
	}
	
	public void manageRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
		//项目路径
		String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
		//完整的请求路径
		String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
			//获取requestMapping的请求路径--注解名称
		String requestMappingPath = requestURI.substring(requestURI.indexOf(contextPath)+contextPath.length(),requestURI.length());
		Method method = methods.get(requestMappingPath);
		String className = method.getDeclaringClass().getName();
		Object controller = controllers.get(className);
		try {
			String result = (String) method.invoke(controller);
			//跳转页面
			System.out.println(contextPath+"/"+result);
			request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  
			request.getRequestDispatcher("/"+result).forward(request, response);
		} catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

/**
 * 测试类
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/ic")
public class IndexController {

	@RequestMapping("/index")
	public String index(){
		
		return "index.jsp";
	}
}

配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
			xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
			xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
            version="3.0">
 
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispachterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yd.reflect.DispachterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispachterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/DispachterServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
 
</web-app>