2. Docker重点命令
docker官方高清命令图
docker常用命令
2.1 常用命令
docker version # 显示docker版本详细信息
docker -v # 显示docker版本简约信息(只有一行)
docker info # 显示docker系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
2.1 镜像命令
- 查看本地主机上的所有镜像
docker images
# 可选项
-a --all # 显示镜像
-q --quiet # 只显示镜像ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 f07dfa83b528 7 days ago 448MB
mysql latest a347a5928046 7 days ago 545MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 3 weeks ago 209MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 12 months ago 13.3kB
# 说明
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 创建实际
SIZE 大小
- 镜像搜索
docker search mysql
# 可选项
--filter=条件列名=条件
# 查看stars大于3000的mysql相关镜像
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10326 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3825 [OK]
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]#
2.2 容器命令
- 拉取镜像
docker pull 镜像名 - 启动容器
docker run [可选参数] 容器名
# 可选参数
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口 -p
- kill容器进程
# 杀掉所有容器进程
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
725f50c6b201
d90df3b7eacc
0d27b0b6047b
51b317e4cd89
3cc802481bed
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]#
2.3 进程命令
进程
# 查看进程
docker ps
# 查看所有历史进程
docker ps -a
# 注:如果后台没有进程在运行,则会停止
# 查看容器中进程信息
docker top 容器ID
# UID 用户ID,PID进程ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker top 725f50c6b201
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1106 1086 0 21:39 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo moxc; sleep 3; done
root 3546 1106 0 21:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 3
# 杀掉所有容器进程
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
51b317e4cd89
3cc802481bed
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
后台启动
## docker run -d 镜像名
# 启动centos,测试shell脚本,每隔3s钟打印一次
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo moxc; sleep 3; done"
725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
725f50c6b201 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds practical_wilson
查看日志
# docker logs -f -t --tail 显示条数 进程ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 725f50c6b201
2020-12-29T13:41:15.141331387Z moxc
...
查看镜像元数据
docker inspect 容器ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker inspect 725f50c6b201
[
{
"Id": "725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75",
"Created": "2020-12-29T13:39:20.720268445Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo moxc; sleep 3; done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 1106,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-12-29T13:39:21.071505545Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75-json.log",
"Name": "/practical_wilson",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d403e0654c7703911b696f07363abfc53d6b4336bd661946860937632c922dc7-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5f460fe5674acc63a62571653dfe94adcdacbbffbeeb5e5f25f9a96d75876aed/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d403e0654c7703911b696f07363abfc53d6b4336bd661946860937632c922dc7/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d403e0654c7703911b696f07363abfc53d6b4336bd661946860937632c922dc7/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d403e0654c7703911b696f07363abfc53d6b4336bd661946860937632c922dc7/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "725f50c6b201",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo moxc; sleep 3; done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "86a54f832c5bb3ceddbc0da2e807f2b8dbd1fb18ce319277933ae5c71d85ca97",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/86a54f832c5b",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "9e6404c46b20ecb8f3471ab72c75231f8396bcf1d8578acf41ff78b8242424af",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "2f3cc32d51cdf11b3118ff877978cc2aa521a0750670a921ef87daf097d5e827",
"EndpointID": "9e6404c46b20ecb8f3471ab72c75231f8396bcf1d8578acf41ff78b8242424af",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]#
进入当前正在进行的容器
容器通常都是在后台运行,需要进入容器修改配置
- docker exec
进程容器后开启一个新的终端,可以正常在里面操作 - docker attach
进入正在进行的终端,不会启动新的终端
# 方式一
docker exec -it 容器ID bashshell
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker exec -it 725f50c6b201 /bin/bash
[root@725f50c6b201 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 方式二
docker attach 容器ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker attach 725f50c6b201
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
拷贝是一个手动,可以通过 - v 卷技术 实现自动同步
docker cp 容器ID:容器文件路径 主机路径
# 新开一个容器centos,进入容器在home目录下创建moxc文件夹,退出容器获取启动的容器ID(也可以另外开终端获取)
# 使用命令,在主机中查看文件已拷贝出来
# 新开一个centos容器
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# 同时按住ctrl+p+q退出容器
[root@f4d6e37e4929 /]# [root@VM-0-5-centos ~]#
# 查看容器centos进程已启动
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f4d6e37e4929 centos "/bin/bash" 31 seconds ago Up 30 seconds thirsty_diffie
# 获取到容器ID后,重新进入正在容器的容器centos
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker attach f4d6e37e4929
[root@f4d6e37e4929 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 在容器的home目录下创建文件夹moxc
[root@f4d6e37e4929 /]# cd /home/
[root@f4d6e37e4929 home]# ls
[root@f4d6e37e4929 home]# cd
[root@f4d6e37e4929 ~]# mkdir /home/moxc
[root@f4d6e37e4929 ~]# cd /home/
[root@f4d6e37e4929 home]# ls
moxc
# 退出容器
[root@f4d6e37e4929 home]# exit
exit
# 容器已关闭,使用docker ps -a 查看历史容器进程ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f4d6e37e4929 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 59 seconds ago thirsty_diffie
# 通过命令复制文件夹,进入主机目录查看到文件夹存在
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker cp f4d6e37e4929:/home/moxc /home/mydata
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# cd /home/mydata/
[root@VM-0-5-centos mydata]# ls
moxc
2.5 命令小结