Linux应用模拟输入事件

参考资料：
doc/input/uinput.rst (Linux Kernel 5.x/Documentation/input/uinput.rst)
drivers/input/misc/uinput.c (项目使用的是 Kernel 4.x )

1 概念

uinput 是一个内核模块，可以从用户空间模拟输入设备。通过写入 /dev/uinput（/dev/input/uinput）设备，进程可以创建具有特定功能的虚拟输入设备。一旦创建了这个虚拟设备，进程就可以通过它发送事件，这些事件将被传递给用户空间和内核中的使用者。

2 驱动准备

• 配置内核，编译成 .o 会被打包进 uImage

  Symbol: INPUT_UINPUT [=y] 
  
  -> Device Drivers
    -> Input device support
      -> Generic input layer   
        -> Miscellaneous devices
           <y>   User level driver support
  
  Defined at drivers/input/misc/Kconfig:530 
  Depends on: !UML && INPUT [=y] && INPUT_MISC [=y]  
  

• 编译

  $ make
  

3 应用编程—上报事件

/*
 * 是 doc/uinput.rst 里的例程
 * uinput.c UINPUT_VERSION >= 5 才能使用下面的例程
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/uinput.h>

void emit(int fd, int type, int code, int val)
{
   struct input_event ie;

   ie.type = type;
   ie.code = code;
   ie.value = val;
   /* timestamp values below are ignored */
   ie.time.tv_sec = 0;
   ie.time.tv_usec = 0;

   write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie));
}

int main(void)
{
   struct uinput_setup usetup;

   int fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);

   /*
	* The ioctls below will enable the device that is about to be
	* created, to pass key events, in this case the space key.
	*/
   ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY); /* 事件类型是EV_KEY */
   ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, KEY_SPACE); /* 按键KEY_SPACE可以上报 */

   memset(&usetup, 0, sizeof(usetup));
   usetup.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
   usetup.id.vendor = 0x1234; /* sample vendor */
   usetup.id.product = 0x5678; /* sample product */
   strcpy(usetup.name, "Example device");

   ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_SETUP, &usetup);
   ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE); /* 这里会创建一个input dev, 在/dev/input/目录下 */

   /*
	* On UI_DEV_CREATE the kernel will create the device node for this
	* device. We are inserting a pause here so that userspace has time
	* to detect, initialize the new device, and can start listening to
	* the event, otherwise it will not notice the event we are about
	* to send. This pause is only needed in our example code!
	*/
   sleep(1);

   /* Key press, report the event, send key release, and report again */
   emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 1);
   emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
   emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 0);
   emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);

   /*
	* Give userspace some time to read the events before we destroy the
	* device with UI_DEV_DESTOY.
	*/
   sleep(1);

   ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
   close(fd);

   return 0;
}

4 应用编程—监听事件

#include "stdio.h"
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "sys/stat.h"
#include "sys/ioctl.h"
#include "fcntl.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include <linux/input.h>


/* 定义一个input_event变量，存放输入事件信息 */
static struct input_event inputevent;

/*
 * @description		: main主程序
 * @param - argc 	: argv数组元素个数
 * @param - argv 	: 具体参数
 * @return 			: 0 成功;其他 失败
 */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int fd;
	int err = 0;
	char *filename;

	filename = argv[1];

	if(argc != 2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}

	fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0) {
		printf("Can't open file %s\r\n", filename);
		return -1;
	}

	while (1) {
		err = read(fd, &inputevent, sizeof(inputevent));
		if (err > 0) { /* 读取数据成功 */
			switch (inputevent.type) {


				case EV_KEY:
					if (inputevent.code < BTN_MISC) { /* 键盘键值 */
						printf("key %d %s\r\n", inputevent.code, inputevent.value ? "press" : "release");
					} else {
						printf("button %d %s\r\n", inputevent.code, inputevent.value ? "press" : "release");
					}
					break;

				/* 其他类型的事件，自行处理 */
				case EV_REL:
					break;
				case EV_ABS:
					break;
				case EV_MSC:
					break;
				case EV_SW:
					break;
			}
		} else {
			printf("读取数据失败\r\n");
		}
	}
	return 0;
}