我为什么更推荐你使用cmake编译grpc程序？

事情源于我最近在使用gRPC库，在编译时下意识使用了makefile编译，然后，编译时报错找不到库文件。

makefile 文件：

CC = g++
CFLAGS = -std=c++11 -I. -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/localb
GFLAGS = -lgrpc++ -lgrpc -lprotobuf -lpthread -lz -lgpr

all: measurement_client measurement_server

measurement_client: client.cpp measurement.grpc.pb.cc
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o measurement_client client.cpp measurement.grpc.pb.cc $(GFLAGS)

measurement_server: server.cpp measurement.grpc.pb.cc
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o measurement_server server.cpp measurement.grpc.pb.cc $(GFLAGS)

run_server:
	./measurement_server

run_client:
	./measurement_client

clean:
	rm -f measurement_client measurement_server

在编译时报错一些库未定义：
![[TXYXKM`851N63V7SRX98E%V.png]]![[CBQGJRNZ0L8M{$I7$UQBVV3.png]]![[SP]]VXW3A_M9SJW5JOPV7K9.png]]

从这里看到缺失的都是它自己的一些库依赖。

然后就开始了漫长的查找过程，期间发现使用的是静态库，尝试编译成动态库，发现反而让库文件彻底混乱损坏了。

这里写一个列表，这是gRPC 需要的依赖库文件，可以看看有多少：

$ ls
cmake                          libabsl_log_severity.a          libabsl_throw_delegate.a  libgrpc.a                  libgrpc_plugin_support.a  libssl.a
libabsl_bad_optional_access.a  libabsl_raw_logging_internal.a  libaddress_sorting.a      libgrpc++.a                libgrpcpp_channelz.a      libupb.a
libabsl_base.a                 libabsl_spinlock_wait.a         libcares.a                libgrpc++_alts.a           libgrpc++_reflection.a    libz.a
libabsl_dynamic_annotations.a  libabsl_strings.a               libcrypto.a               libgrpc_cronet.a           libgrpc_unsecure.a        pkgconfig
libabsl_int128.a               libabsl_strings_internal.a      libgpr.a                  libgrpc++_error_details.a  libgrpc++_unsecure.a

你可以尝试使用这个makefile

# Protobuf - 必须为 Protobuf3
PROTOBUF_HOME=/usr/local/protobuf
PROTOBUF_INCL=-I${PROTOBUF_HOME}/include
PROTOBUF_LIB=${PROTOBUF_HOME}/lib/libprotobuf.a ${PROTOBUF_HOME}/lib/libprotobuf-lite.a

# gRPC
GRPC_HOME=/usr/local
GRPC_INCL=-I${GRPC_HOME}/include
ABSL_LIB=${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libabsl_strings.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libabsl_strings_internal.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libabsl_throw_delegate.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libabsl_base.a
GRPC_LIB=${ABSL_LIB} ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libgpr.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libgrpc++.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libgrpc.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libupb.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libssl.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libcrypto.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libcares.a ${GRPC_HOME}/lib/libaddress_sorting.a

INCLS=${GRPC_INCL} ${PROTOBUF_INCL}
LIBS=-pthread -ldl -lrt -lz -Wl,--start-group ${GRPC_LIB} ${PROTOBUF_LIB} -Wl,--end-group

.PHONY: build
build:
	g++ -std=c++11 -Wno-deprecated-declarations -o test test.cpp ../grpc/common.pb.cc ../grpc/proxy.pb.cc ../grpc/proxy.grpc.pb.cc -I../grpc ${INCLS} $(LIBS)

.PHONY: clean
clean:
	rm -f test

上述的“-Wno-deprecated-declarations”是为消除下列编译警告：

/usr/local/include/grpcpp/impl/codegen/proto_utils.h:52:32: 警告：不建议使用‘int google::protobuf::MessageLite::ByteSize() const’(声明于 /usr/local/include/google/protobuf/message_lite.h:402)：Please use ByteSizeLong() instead [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

因为库实在有点多，为避免因为静态库顺序的坑，直接使用了“–start-group”和“–end-group”忽略顺序关系。建议使用CMake或automake编译，以省去处理依赖的麻烦。

以下是官方给出的 cmake 更加的简洁：

# Copyright 2018 gRPC authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# cmake build file for C++ DeviceData example.
# Assumes protobuf and gRPC have been installed using cmake.
# See cmake_externalproject/CMakeLists.txt for all-in-one cmake build
# that automatically builds all the dependencies before building DeviceData.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5.1)

project(DeviceData C CXX)

include(../cmake/common.cmake)

# Proto file
get_filename_component(dev_proto "../../protos/DeviceData.proto" ABSOLUTE)
get_filename_component(dev_proto_path "${dev_proto}" PATH)

# Generated sources
set(dev_proto_srcs "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/DeviceData.pb.cc")
set(dev_proto_hdrs "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/DeviceData.pb.h")
set(dev_grpc_srcs "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/DeviceData.grpc.pb.cc")
set(dev_grpc_hdrs "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/DeviceData.grpc.pb.h")
add_custom_command(
      OUTPUT "${dev_proto_srcs}" "${dev_proto_hdrs}" "${dev_grpc_srcs}" "${dev_grpc_hdrs}"
      COMMAND ${_PROTOBUF_PROTOC}
      ARGS --grpc_out "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}"
        --cpp_out "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}"
        -I "${dev_proto_path}"
        --plugin=protoc-gen-grpc="${_GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_EXECUTABLE}"
        "${dev_proto}"
      DEPENDS "${dev_proto}")

# Include generated *.pb.h files
include_directories("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")

# dev_grpc_proto
add_library(dev_grpc_proto
  ${dev_grpc_srcs}
  ${dev_grpc_hdrs}
  ${dev_proto_srcs}
  ${dev_proto_hdrs})
target_link_libraries(dev_grpc_proto
  ${_REFLECTION}
  ${_GRPC_GRPCPP}
  ${_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})

# Targets greeter_[async_](client|server)
foreach(_target
  greeter_client greeter_server 
  # greeter_callback_client greeter_callback_server 
  # greeter_async_client greeter_async_client2 greeter_async_server
  )
  add_executable(${_target} "${_target}.cc")
  target_link_libraries(${_target}
    dev_grpc_proto
    ${_REFLECTION}
    ${_GRPC_GRPCPP}
    ${_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
endforeach()

其中引用的上级cmake 为common.cmake：

# Copyright 2018 gRPC authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# cmake build file for C++ route_guide example.
# Assumes protobuf and gRPC have been installed using cmake.
# See cmake_externalproject/CMakeLists.txt for all-in-one cmake build
# that automatically builds all the dependencies before building route_guide.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5.1)

set (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

if(MSVC)
  add_definitions(-D_WIN32_WINNT=0x600)
endif()

find_package(Threads REQUIRED)

if(GRPC_AS_SUBMODULE)
  # One way to build a projects that uses gRPC is to just include the
  # entire gRPC project tree via "add_subdirectory".
  # This approach is very simple to use, but the are some potential
  # disadvantages:
  # * it includes gRPC's CMakeLists.txt directly into your build script
  #   without and that can make gRPC's internal setting interfere with your
  #   own build.
  # * depending on what's installed on your system, the contents of submodules
  #   in gRPC's third_party/* might need to be available (and there might be
  #   additional prerequisites required to build them). Consider using
  #   the gRPC_*_PROVIDER options to fine-tune the expected behavior.
  #
  # A more robust approach to add dependency on gRPC is using
  # cmake's ExternalProject_Add (see cmake_externalproject/CMakeLists.txt).

  # Include the gRPC's cmake build (normally grpc source code would live
  # in a git submodule called "third_party/grpc", but this example lives in
  # the same repository as gRPC sources, so we just look a few directories up)
  add_subdirectory(../../.. ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/grpc EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
  message(STATUS "Using gRPC via add_subdirectory.")

  # After using add_subdirectory, we can now use the grpc targets directly from
  # this build.
  set(_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF libprotobuf)
  set(_REFLECTION grpc++_reflection)
  if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
    find_program(_PROTOBUF_PROTOC protoc)
  else()
    set(_PROTOBUF_PROTOC $<TARGET_FILE:protobuf::protoc>)
  endif()
  set(_GRPC_GRPCPP grpc++)
  if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
    find_program(_GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_EXECUTABLE grpc_cpp_plugin)
  else()
    set(_GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_EXECUTABLE $<TARGET_FILE:grpc_cpp_plugin>)
  endif()
elseif(GRPC_FETCHCONTENT)
  # Another way is to use CMake's FetchContent module to clone gRPC at
  # configure time. This makes gRPC's source code available to your project,
  # similar to a git submodule.
  message(STATUS "Using gRPC via add_subdirectory (FetchContent).")
  include(FetchContent)
  FetchContent_Declare(
    grpc
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/grpc/grpc.git
    # when using gRPC, you will actually set this to an existing tag, such as
    # v1.25.0, v1.26.0 etc..
    # For the purpose of testing, we override the tag used to the commit
    # that's currently under test.
    GIT_TAG        vGRPC_TAG_VERSION_OF_YOUR_CHOICE)
  FetchContent_MakeAvailable(grpc)

  # Since FetchContent uses add_subdirectory under the hood, we can use
  # the grpc targets directly from this build.
  set(_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF libprotobuf)
  set(_REFLECTION grpc++_reflection)
  set(_PROTOBUF_PROTOC $<TARGET_FILE:protoc>)
  set(_GRPC_GRPCPP grpc++)
  if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
    find_program(_GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_EXECUTABLE grpc_cpp_plugin)
  else()
    set(_GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_EXECUTABLE $<TARGET_FILE:grpc_cpp_plugin>)
  endif()
else()
  # This branch assumes that gRPC and all its dependencies are already installed
  # on this system, so they can be located by find_package().

  # Find Protobuf installation
  # Looks for protobuf-config.cmake file installed by Protobuf's cmake installation.
  set(protobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE TRUE)
  find_package(Protobuf CONFIG REQUIRED)
  message(STATUS "Using protobuf ${Protobuf_VERSION}")

  set(_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF protobuf::libprotobuf)
  set(_REFLECTION gRPC::grpc++_reflection)
  if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
    find_program(_PROTOBUF_PROTOC protoc)
  else()
    set(_PROTOBUF_PROTOC $<TARGET_FILE:protobuf::protoc>)
  endif()

  # Find gRPC installation
  # Looks for gRPCConfig.cmake file installed by gRPC's cmake installation.
  find_package(gRPC CONFIG REQUIRED)
  message(STATUS "Using gRPC ${gRPC_VERSION}")

  set(_GRPC_GRPCPP gRPC::grpc++)
  if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
    find_program(_GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_EXECUTABLE grpc_cpp_plugin)
  else()
    set(_GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_EXECUTABLE $<TARGET_FILE:gRPC::grpc_cpp_plugin>)
  endif()
endif()

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