spring入门到精通day01

前言：mvc框架在软件开发已经如日中天，不管是传统行业的ssh还是现今比较火热的ssm，spring都是不可或缺的“和事老”。由于本人也是spring学习的小白，本系列文档旨在记录spring学习的点点滴滴，如有错误，请各位大神多多斧正

环境：spring

1创建maven项目，结构如下图：

在pom.xml文件中导入两个依赖，pom.xml代码如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

2通过java代码装配bean

在testOnClass包下创建4个文件：
接口Student.java,
实现类SmallStudent.java,
配置类StudentConfig.java,
测试类StudentTest.java
代码分别如下：
Student.java

package testOnClass;

public interface Student {

    void study();
}

SmallStudent.java

package testOnClass;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component //组件扫描
public class SmallStudent implements Student {

    private String name = "王麻子";
    private String subject = "该死的数学";
    public void study() {
        System.out.println(name + "学习" + subject);
    }

}

StudentConfig.java

package testOnClass;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration //配置组件扫描类
@ComponentScan //组件扫描同一包下的注解，如：@Component等
public class StudentConfig {

}

StudentTest.java

package testOnClass;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //需要导入spring-test
@ContextConfiguration(classes=StudentConfig.class) //导入组件扫描类
public class StudentTest {
    @Autowired //自动装配含有@Component的类给student
    private Student student;

    @Test
    public void componentScanTest() {
        assertNotNull(student); //断言student对象是否存在
    }

    @Test
    public void outTest() {
        student.study(); //打印 王麻子学习该死的数学
    }
}

3通过xml装配bean

由于spring默认读取根路径src下applicationContext.xml
在src/main/resources(注意：为什么是在如下路径，请自行百度maven项目结构)
在applicationContext.xml中配置如下信息：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans default-autowire="byName"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context">

    <!-- 扫描testOnXml中默认含有@Component注解的类 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="testOnXml"></context:component-scan>


</beans>

然后在web.xml中配置如下信息：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
  <display-name>spring test</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
</web-app>

接着同样的方式配置
接口Student.java

package testOnXml;

public interface Student {

    void study();
}

实现类SmallStudent.java

package testOnXml;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component //组件扫描
public class SmallStudent implements Student {

    private String name = "王麻子";
    private String subject = "该死的数学";
    public void study() {
        System.out.println(name + "学习" + subject);
    }

}

测试类StudentTest.java

package testOnXml;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //需要导入spring-test
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"}) //导入组件扫描xml文件
public class StudentTest {
    @Autowired //自动装配含有@Component的类给student
    private Student student;

    @Test
    public void componentScanTest() {
        assertNotNull(student); //断言student对象是否存在
    }

    @Test
    public void outTest() {
        student.study(); //打印 王麻子学习该死的数学
    }
}

4结果