数据结构（java语言描述） --映射

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-06 14:28:06 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-06 14:28:06 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29199175/article/details/80691405

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映射存储（键，值）数据对的数据结构（key, value）

根据键，寻找值

新建一个map的抽象类

public interface Map<K, V> {
    
    void add(K key, V value);
    boolean contains(K key);
    V get(K key);
    void set(K key, V newValue);
    V remove(K key);
    int getSize();
    boolean isEmpty();
}

基于链表的map

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class LinkedListMap<K extends Comparable<K>, V> implements Map<K, V>{

    private class Node{
        public K key;
        public V value;
        public Node next;

        public Node(K key, V value, Node next){
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public Node(K key, V value){
            this(key, value, null);
        }

        public Node(K key){
            this(key, null, null);
        }

        public Node(){
            this(null, null, null);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString(){
            return key.toString() + ":" + value.toString();
        }
    }

    private int size;
    private Node dummyHead;

    public LinkedListMap(){
        size = 0;
        dummyHead = new Node();
    }


    private Node getNode(K key){
        Node cur = dummyHead.next;

        while (cur != null){
            if (key.equals(cur.key)){
                return cur;
            }
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void add(K key, V value) {
        Node node = getNode(key);
        if (node == null){
            //dummyNode指向的是头节点
            dummyHead.next = new Node(key, value, dummyHead.next);
            size++;
        }else{
            node.value = value;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(K key) {
        return getNode(key) != null;
    }

    @Override
    public V get(K key) {
        Node node = getNode(key);
        return node != null ? node.value : null;
    }

    @Override
    public void set(K key, V newValue) {
        Node node = getNode(key);
        if (node == null){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(key + "is not exist");
        }
        node.value = newValue;
    }

    @Override
    public V remove(K key) {
        Node prev = dummyHead;
        while (prev.next != null){
            if (key.equals(prev.next.key)){
                Node delNode = prev.next;
                prev.next = delNode.next;
                delNode.next = null;

                size--;
                return delNode.value;
            }
            prev = prev.next;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){

        System.out.println("Pride and Prejudice");

        ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<>();
        if(FileOperation.readFile("pride-and-prejudice.txt", words)){
            System.out.println("Total words: " + words.size());

            LinkedListMap<String, Integer> map = new LinkedListMap<>();
            for(String word: words) {
                if (map.contains(word))
                    map.set(word, map.get(word) + 1);
                else
                    map.add(word, 1);
            }

            System.out.println("Total different words: " + map.getSize());
            System.out.println("Frequency of PRIDE: " + map.get("pride"));
            System.out.println("Frequency of PREJUDICE: " + map.get("prejudice"));
        }
    }
}

测试：

Pride and Prejudice
Total words: 125901
Total different words: 6530
Frequency of PRIDE: 53

Frequency of PREJUDICE: 11

基于二分搜索树的map

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class BSTMap<K extends Comparable<K>, V> implements Map<K, V>{

    private class Node{
        public K key;
        public V value;
        Node left, right;

        public Node(K key, V value){
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            left = null;
            right = null;
        }
    }

    private int size;
    private Node root;

    public BSTMap(){
        size = 0;
        root = null;
    }

    private Node getNode(Node node, K key) {
        if (node == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (key.compareTo(node.key) < 0) {
            return getNode(node.left, key);
        } else if (key.compareTo(node.key) > 0) {
            return getNode(node.right, key);
        } else {
            return node;
        }
    }

    // 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素(key, value)
    @Override
    public void add(K key, V value) {
        root = add(root, key, value);
    }

    // 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素(key, value)，递归算法
    // 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
    private Node add(Node node, K key, V value){
        if (node == null){
            node = new Node(key, value);
            size++;
            return node;
        }

        if (key.compareTo(node.key) < 0){
            node.left = add(node.left, key, value);
        }
        else if (key.compareTo(node.key) > 0){
            node.right = add(node.right, key, value);
        }else{
            node.value = value;
        }
        return node;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(K key) {
        return getNode(root, key) != null;
    }

    @Override
    public V get(K key) {
        Node node = getNode(root, key);
        return node == null ? null : node.value;
    }

    @Override
    public void set(K key, V newValue) {
        Node node = getNode(root, key);
        if (node == null){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(key + "is not exist");
        }
        node.value = newValue;
    }

    // 从二分搜索树中删除键为key的节点
    @Override
    public V remove(K key) {
        Node node = getNode(root, key);
        if (node == null){
            return null;
        }
        root = remove(root, key);
        return node.value;
    }

    // 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中键为key的节点, 递归算法
    // 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
    private Node remove(Node node, K key){
         if (node == null){
             return null;
         }

         if (key.compareTo(node.key) < 0){
             node.left = remove(node.left, key);
             return node;
         }
         else if (key.compareTo(node.key) > 0){
             node.right = remove(node.right, key);
             return node;
         }else{

             // 待删除节点左子树为空的情况
             if (node.left == null){
                 Node rightNode = node.right;
                 node.right = null;
                 size--;
                 return rightNode;
             }

             // 待删除节点右子树为空的情况
             if (node.right == null){
                 Node leftNode = node.left;
                 node.left = null;
                 size--;
                 return leftNode;
             }

             // 待删除节点左右子树均不为空的情况

             // 找到比待删除节点大的最小节点, 即待删除节点右子树的最小节点
             // 用这个节点顶替待删除节点的位置
             Node successor = minimum(node.right);
             successor.right = removeMin(node.right);
             successor.left = node.left;
             node.left = node.right = null;

             return successor;
         }
    }

    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    // 返回以node为根的二分搜索树的最小值所在的节点
    private Node minimum(Node node){
        if (node.left == null){
            return node;
        }
        return minimum(node);
    }

    // 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中的最小节点
    // 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
    private Node removeMin(Node node){
        if (node.left == null){
            Node rightNode = node.right;
            node.right = null;
            size--;
            return rightNode;
        }
        node.left = removeMin(node.left);
        return node;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){

        System.out.println("Pride and Prejudice");

        ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<>();
        if(FileOperation.readFile("pride-and-prejudice.txt", words)){
            System.out.println("Total words: " + words.size());

            BSTMap<String, Integer> map = new BSTMap<>();
            for(String word: words) {
                if (map.contains(word))
                    map.set(word, map.get(word) + 1);
                else
                    map.add(word, 1);
            }

            System.out.println("Total different words: " + map.getSize());
            System.out.println("Frequency of PRIDE: " + map.get("pride"));
            System.out.println("Frequency of PREJUDICE: " + map.get("prejudice"));
        }
    }
}

测试结果：

Pride and Prejudice
Total words: 125901
Total different words: 6530
Frequency of PRIDE: 53

Frequency of PREJUDICE: 11

基于avl的map映射

public class AVLMap<K extends Comparable<K>, V> implements Map<K, V>{

    private AVLtree<K, V> avLtree;

    public AVLMap(){
        avLtree = new AVLtree<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void add(K key, V value) {
        avLtree.add(key, value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(K key) {
        return avLtree.contains(key);
    }

    @Override
    public V get(K key) {
        return avLtree.get(key);
    }

    @Override
    public void set(K key, V newValue) {
        avLtree.set(key, newValue);
    }

    @Override
    public V remove(K key) {
        return avLtree.remove(key);
    }

    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        return avLtree.getSize();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return avLtree.isEmpty();
    }
}

接下来，我们对这三个基于不同底层实现的map集合进行测试。

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class TestMapMain {

    private static double testMap(Map<String, Integer> map, String filename){

        long startTime = System.nanoTime();

        System.out.println(filename);
        ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<>();
        if(FileOperation.readFile(filename, words)) {
            System.out.println("Total words: " + words.size());

            for (String word : words){
                if(map.contains(word))
                    map.set(word, map.get(word) + 1);
                else
                    map.add(word, 1);
            }

            System.out.println("Total different words: " + map.getSize());
            System.out.println("Frequency of PRIDE: " + map.get("pride"));
            System.out.println("Frequency of PREJUDICE: " + map.get("prejudice"));
        }

        long endTime = System.nanoTime();

        return (endTime - startTime) / 1000000000.0;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String filename = "pride-and-prejudice.txt";

        BSTMap<String, Integer> bstMap = new BSTMap<>();
        double time1 = testMap(bstMap, filename);
        System.out.println("BST Map: " + time1 + " s");

        System.out.println();

        LinkedListMap<String, Integer> linkedListMap = new LinkedListMap<>();
        double time2 = testMap(linkedListMap, filename);
        System.out.println("Linked List Map: " + time2 + " s");

        System.out.println();

        AVLMap<String, Integer> avlMap = new AVLMap<>();
        double time3 = testMap(avlMap, filename);
        System.out.println("AVL Map: " + time3 + " s");
    }
}

测试结果：

pride-and-prejudice.txt
Total words: 125901
Total different words: 6530
Frequency of PRIDE: 53
Frequency of PREJUDICE: 11
BST Map: 0.360976488 s

pride-and-prejudice.txt
Total words: 125901
Total different words: 6530
Frequency of PRIDE: 53
Frequency of PREJUDICE: 11
Linked List Map: 15.640178667 s

pride-and-prejudice.txt
Total words: 125901
Total different words: 6530
Frequency of PRIDE: 53
Frequency of PREJUDICE: 11

AVL Map: 0.179332518 s

这充分说明了avl平衡二叉树在性能上的优势

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数据结构（java语言描述） --映射

映射存储（键，值）数据对的数据结构（key, value）根据键，寻找值新建一个map的抽象类public interface Map&lt;K, V&gt; { void add(K key, V value); boolean contains(K key); V get(K key); void set(K key, V newValue); ...
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