Elasticsearch(10) match的使用

elasticsearch version： 7.10.1
Elastic Match是Elasticsearch中用于全文搜索的一种查询语法。它可以将搜索词进行分词，并与目标查询字段进行匹配。

match的语法

GET /<index>/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "<field_name>": {
        "query": "<your_search_text>",
        // 可选参数
        "operator": "and|or", // 默认为 or，控制多个词语之间的关系
        "analyzer": "<analyzer_name>", // 指定分析器
        "boost": <boost_value>, // 权重提升
        "fuzziness": "<fuzziness_setting>", // 模糊匹配设置
        // 其他参数，如 prefix_length、max_expansions 等
      }
    }
  }
}

• operator: 控制如何处理查询词之间的关系，可以是and或or，默认为or
• fuzziness: 允许查询词与索引中的词有一定程度的差异，支持模糊匹配。
• boost: 提高匹配此查询的文档的评分，从而影响文档在搜索结果中的排序。

案列

场景1

假设我们有一个产品索引，其中包含商品描述字段 description，现在我们想找到描述中同时包含 “leather jacket” 和 “winter wear” 的商品。

索引创建

PUT /products
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "description": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "title": {
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  }
}

索引插入

POST /products/_doc
{
  "title": "Leather Jacket for Winter Wear",
  "description": "High-quality leather jacket designed for winter wear. Made with genuine leather and lined with warm fabric."
}

POST /products/_doc
{
  "title": "Summer Denim Jacket",
  "description": "Lightweight denim jacket perfect for summer days."
}

POST /products/_doc
{
  "title": "Winter Wool Coat",
  "description": "Warm wool coat suitable for cold winter months."
}

POST /products/_doc
{
  "title": "Leather Gloves",
  "description": "Soft leather gloves for both men and women, ideal for chilly weather."
}

POST /products/_doc
{
  "title": "Summer Jacket with UV Protection",
  "description": "Lightweight windbreaker jacket featuring built-in UV protection for sunny days outdoors."
}

POST /products/_doc
{
  "title": "Winter Boots with Fur Lining",
  "description": "Waterproof boots lined with cozy fur, providing excellent insulation against harsh winter conditions."
}

POST /products/_doc
{
  "title": "Leather Sneakers for Casual Wear",
  "description": "Stylish leather sneakers suitable for everyday casual wear, made from premium materials."
}

POST /products/_doc
{
  "title": "Wool Scarf with Leather Trim",
  "description": "Luxurious wool scarf featuring a leather trim accent, adding a touch of sophistication to your winter ensemble."
}

查询

GET /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "description": {
        "query": "leather jacket winter wear",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

场景2

同样在上述的商品索引中，我们想找到描述中包含 “leather” 或 “jacket” 的商品。

查询语句

GET /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "description": {
        "query": "leather jacket",
        "operator": "or"
      }
    }
  }
}

分词

指定分词器

PUT my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "message": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "standard"
      }
    }
  }
}

查询分词

POST my_index/_doc
{
  "message": "Please don't split words with hyphens like co-operate or well-known"
}