python：numpy学习笔记

numpy学习笔记

1、np.set_printoptions()

set_printoptions(precision=None, threshold=None, edgeitems=None, linewidth=None, suppress=None, nanstr=None, infstr=None, formatter=None)

这个函数用来设置屏幕数组打印的显示方式
precision : int, optional，float输出的精度，即小数点后维数，默认8（ Number of digits of precision for floating point output (default 8)）
threshold : int, optional，当数组数目过大时，设置显示几个数字，其余用省略号（Total number of array elements which trigger summarization rather than full repr (default 1000).）
edgeitems : int, optional，边缘数目（Number of array items in summary at beginning and end of each dimension (default 3)）.
linewidth : int, optional，The number of characters per line for the purpose of inserting line breaks (default 75).
suppress : bool, optional，是否压缩由科学计数法表示的浮点数（Whether or not suppress printing of small floating point values using scientific notation (default False).）
nanstr : str, optional，String representation of floating point not-a-number (default nan).
infstr : str, optional，String representation of floating point infinity (default inf).
formatter : dict of callables, optional
If not None, the keys should indicate the type(s) that the respective formatting function applies to. Callables should return a string. Types that are not specified (by their corresponding keys) are handled by the default formatters. Individual types for which a formatter can be set are:
eg：np.set_printoptions(threshold=np.nan)
设置打印时显示方式，threshold=np.nan意思是输出数组的时候完全输出，不需要省略号将中间数据

>>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
>>> print np.array([1.123456789])
[ 1.1235]

>>> np.set_printoptions(threshold=5)
>>> print np.arange(10)
[0 1 2 ..., 7 8 9]

>>> eps = np.finfo(float).eps
>>> x = np.arange(4.)
>>> x**2 - (x + eps)**2
array([ -4.9304e-32,  -4.4409e-16,   0.0000e+00,   0.0000e+00])
>>> np.set_printoptions(suppress=True)
>>> x**2 - (x + eps)**2
array([-0., -0.,  0.,  0.])
>>> np.set_printoptions(formatter={'all':lambda x: 'int: '+str(-x)})
>>> x = np.arange(3)
>>> x
array([int: 0, int: -1, int: -2])
>>> np.set_printoptions()  # formatter gets reset
>>> x
array([0, 1, 2])

2、numpy中的乘法

>>> import numpy as np
>>> a=np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4]])
>>> a
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [2, 3, 4]])
>>> a.shape
(2, 3)
>>> a.size
6
>>> b=np.array([1,2,3])
>>> b
array([1, 2, 3])
>>> b.shape
(3,)
>>> a*b #对应元素相乘（点乘）
array([[ 1,  4,  9],
       [ 2,  6, 12]])
>>> np.multiply(a,b)
array([[ 1,  4,  9],
       [ 2,  6, 12]])

>>> a@b #内积
array([14, 20])
>>> np.dot(a,b)
array([14, 20])
>>> b.T #注意一位数组的转置不变
array([1, 2, 3])
>>> a.T
array([[1, 2],
       [2, 3],
       [3, 4]])
>>> 

3、np.flatten()

该函数返回一个折叠成一维的数组

>>> a = np.array([[1,2], [3,4]])
>>> a.flatten()
array([1, 2, 3, 4])
>>> a.flatten('F') #按竖的方向降
array([1, 3, 2, 4])