49 - 使用代码描述with语句的作用

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-27 14:16:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-06-27 14:16:53 发布

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分类专栏： Python面试100讲文章标签： with语句将with语句用于自定义类 __enter__ __exit__ python面试题

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1. with语句有什么作用，请用代码解释

with语句适用于对资源访问的场合，确保不管使用过程是否发生异常都会执行必要的 "清理"工作

f = open('files/readme.txt', 'r')
data = f.read()
print(data)

'''
1. 没有关闭文件
2. 即使关闭了文件，但在关闭之前如果抛出异常，仍然会无法关闭文件
'''

hello world
I love you
How are you?

f = open('files/readme.txt', 'r')
try:
    data = f.read()
except:
    print('抛出异常')
finally:
    f.close()

with open('files/readme.txt', 'r') as f:
    data = f.read()
    print(data)

hello world
I love you
How are you?

2. 如何将with语句用于一个自定义类

'''
__enter__

__exit__
'''

class MyClass:
    def __enter__(self):
        print('__enter__() is call!')
        return self
    def process1(self):
        print('process1')
        
    def process2(self):
        x = 1/0 
        print('process2')
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        print('__exit__() is call!')
        print(f'type:{exc_type}')
        print(f'value:{exc_value}')
        print(f'trace:{traceback}')
        
with MyClass() as my:
    my.process1()
    my.process2()

__enter__() is call!
process1
__exit__() is call!
type:<class 'ZeroDivisionError'>
value:division by zero
trace:<traceback object at 0x0000029AA9F98DC8>



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ZeroDivisionError                         Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-10-b97c97f6e5f0> in <module>
     23 with MyClass() as my:
     24     my.process1()
---> 25     my.process2()


<ipython-input-10-b97c97f6e5f0> in process2(self)
     13 
     14     def process2(self):
---> 15         x = 1/0
     16         print('process2')
     17     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):


ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

50 - 得到文件中出现频率最高的字符