提供一种创建对象的最佳方式,在创建对象时不提供对外暴露创建逻辑,并且通过一个共同的接口来指向新创建的对象;定义一个创建对象的接口,让子类来决定实例化哪一个具体的工厂类,延迟到子类去执行,主要解决选择接口的问题,扩展性高,只增加相应工厂类即可,知道名称即可创建对象,屏蔽具体的实现,调用者只关心接口;增加需求时,需要增加具体类与工厂实现,导致类个数成倍增加,增加系统复杂度。
1、工厂方法模式:
interface Person{
public void say();
}
class ManPerson implements Person{
@Override
public void say() {
System.out.println("i am a man!");
}
}
class WomanPerson implements Person{
@Override
public void say() {
System.out.println("i am a woman!");
}
}
interface Factory{
Person getPerson();
}
class ManFactory implements Factory{
@Override
public Person getPerson() {
return new ManPerson();
}
}
class WomanFactory implements Factory{
@Override
public Person getPerson() {
return new WomanPerson();
}
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Factory factory = new ManFactory();
Person person = factory.getPerson();
person.say();
}
}
2、抽象工厂模式:
interface Animal{
public void say();
}
class Dog implements Animal{
@Override
public void say() {
System.out.println("i am a dog!");
}
}
class Cat implements Animal{
@Override
public void say() {
System.out.println("i am a cat");
}
}
abstract class AbstractAnimalFactory{
abstract Animal getDog();
abstract Animal getCat();
}
class AnimalFactory extends AbstractAnimalFactory{
@Override
Animal getDog() {
return new Dog();
}
@Override
Animal getCat() {
return new Cat();
}
}
public class FactoryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnimalFactory factory = new AnimalFactory();
Animal dog = factory.getDog();
dog.say();
}
}