web.xml文件头声明版本记录

4.0

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
	  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
	  http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
	  version="4.0">
</web-app>

3.1

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
      version="3.1"> 
</web-app>

3.0

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
      version="3.0"> 
</web-app>

2.5

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
	      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	      version="2.5">
</web-app>

2.4

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
	      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
	      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
	      version="2.4">
</web-app>

2.3

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
	"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
	"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
</web-app>

来源

官网：web-app_x_x.xsd官网链接

下载需要的web-app_x_x.xsd文件，在67行左右会有有信息说明

补全

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="xmlns的链接（即http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee）
      文档78行左右的链接（即http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd）"
      version="4.0">
</web-app>

2.3版本的dtd文件在42行左右