牛客SQL实战—数据分析必备技能

1、查找最晚入职员工的所有信息
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select * from employees where hire_date = (select max(hire_date) from employees);

2、查找入职员工时间排名倒数第三的员工所有信息

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select * from employees where hire_date=(select hire_date from employees order by hire_date desc

3、查找各个部门当前(to_date='9999-01-01')领导当前薪水详情以及其对应部门编号dept_no
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select salaries.emp_no,salaries.salary,salaries.from_date, 
salaries.to_date, dept_manager.dept_no  from salaries
inner join dept_manager on salaries.emp_no=dept_manager.emp_no 
where (dept_manager.to_date='9999-01-01' and salaries.to_date='9999-01-01')

4、查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select employees.last_name, employees.first_name, dept_emp.dept_no from dept_emp inner join
employees on dept_emp.emp_no=employees.emp_no

5、查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应部门编号dept_no,也包括展示没有分配具体部门的员工
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select employees.last_name, employees.first_name, dept_emp.dept_no from employees left join dept_emp
on employees.emp_no = dept_emp.emp_no

6、查找所有员工入职时候的薪水情况,给出emp_no以及salary, 并按照emp_no进行逆序
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select e.emp_no, s.salary from salaries s, employees e 
where e.hire_date=s.from_date 
and e.emp_no = s.emp_no
order by e.emp_no desc;
7、查找薪水涨幅超过15次的员工号emp_no以及其对应的涨幅次数t
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

SELECT emp_no, COUNT(emp_no) AS t FROM salaries 
GROUP BY emp_no HAVING t > 15

注:由于COUNT()函数不可用于WHERE语句中,故使用HAVING语句来限定t>15的条件

8、找出所有员工当前(to_date='9999-01-01')具体的薪水salary情况,对于相同的薪水只显示一次,并按照逆序显示
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select distinct salary from salaries where to_date='9999-01-01' order by salary desc

9、获取所有部门当前manager的当前薪水情况,给出dept_no, emp_no以及salary,当前表示to_date='9999-01-01'
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select d.dept_no, d.emp_no, s.salary from dept_manager d, salaries s
where d.emp_no=s.emp_no
and d.to_date='9999-01-01'
and s.to_date='9999-01-01'

10、获取所有非manager的员工emp_no
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select emp_no from employees where emp_no not in (select emp_no from dept_manager)

select e.emp_no from employees e left join dept_manager d on e.emp_no = d.emp_no where d.emp_no is null;

11、获取所有员工当前的manager,如果当前的manager是自己的话结果不显示,当前表示to_date='9999-01-01'。
结果第一列给出当前员工的emp_no,第二列给出其manager对应的manager_no。
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));

select dept_emp.emp_no, dept_manager.emp_no as manager_no from dept_emp left join dept_manager
on dept_emp.dept_no=dept_manager.dept_no
where dept_emp.emp_no<>dept_manager.emp_no
and dept_manager.to_date='9999-01-01'

12、获取所有部门中当前员工薪水最高的相关信息,给出dept_no, emp_no以及其对应的salary
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select dept_emp.dept_no, dept_emp.emp_no,  max(salaries.salary) as salary 
from dept_emp, salaries
where dept_emp.emp_no=salaries.emp_no
and dept_emp.to_date='9999-01-01'
and salaries.to_date='9999-01-01'
group by dept_emp.dept_no

13、从titles表获取按照title进行分组,每组个数大于等于2,给出title以及对应的数目t。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "titles" (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date DEFAULT NULL);

select title, count(*) as t from titles group by title having t>=2

14、从titles表获取按照title进行分组,每组个数大于等于2,给出title以及对应的数目t。
注意对于重复的emp_no进行忽略。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `titles` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date DEFAULT NULL);

select title, count(distinct emp_no) as t from titles group by title having t>=2

15、查找employees表所有emp_no为奇数,且last_name不为Mary的员工信息,并按照hire_date逆序排列
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select * from employees where last_name<>'Mary' and emp_no%2<>0 order by hire_date desc

16、统计出当前各个title类型对应的员工当前(to_date='9999-01-01')薪水对应的平均工资。结果给出title以及平均工资avg。
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "titles" (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date DEFAULT NULL);

select t.title, avg(s.salary) as avg from titles t, salaries s 
where s.emp_no=t.emp_no and t.to_date='9999-01-01' and s.to_date='9999-01-01'
group by t.title 

17、获取当前(to_date='9999-01-01')薪水第二多的员工的emp_no以及其对应的薪水salary
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select emp_no, salary from salaries where to_date='9999-01-01' order by salary desc limit 1,1

18、查找当前薪水(to_date='9999-01-01')排名第二多的员工编号emp_no、薪水salary、last_name以及first_name,不准使用order by
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select e.emp_no, max(s.salary), e.last_name, e.first_name from employees e, salaries s
where e.emp_no=s.emp_no and s.to_date='9999-01-01' 
and s.salary not in (select max(salary) from salaries)

19、查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应的dept_name,也包括暂时没有分配部门的员工
CREATE TABLE `departments` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`dept_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select a.last_name, a.first_name, de.dept_name from 
(select * from employees e 
left join dept_emp dt on e.emp_no=dt.emp_no)a
left join departments de on de.dept_no=a.dept_no

SELECT e.last_name, e.first_name, dp.dept_name FROM employees AS e

LEFT JOIN dept_emp AS d ON e.emp_no = d.emp_no

LEFT JOIN departments AS dp ON d.dept_no = dp.dept_no;

20、查找员工编号emp_no为10001其自入职以来的薪水salary涨幅值growth
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select(
    (select salary from salaries where emp_no='10001' order by to_date desc limit 1) -
(select salary from salaries where emp_no='10001' order by to_date limit 1)
) as growth
21、查找所有员工自入职以来的薪水涨幅情况,给出员工编号emp_no以及其对应的薪水涨幅growth,并按照growth进行升序
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select a.emp_no, (a.salary-b.salary) as growth from
(select s.emp_no, s.salary from employees e, salaries s where e.emp_no=s.emp_no and s.to_date='9999-01-01')a,
(select s.emp_no, s.salary from employees e, salaries s where e.emp_no=s.emp_no and s.from_date=e.hire_date)b
where a.emp_no=b.emp_no
order by growth
22、统计各个部门对应员工涨幅的次数总和,给出部门编码dept_no、部门名称dept_name以及次数sum
CREATE TABLE `departments` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`dept_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select de.dept_no, de.dept_name , count(s.salary)as sum from departments de
left join dept_emp dt on de.dept_no=dt.dept_no
left join salaries s on s.emp_no=dt.emp_no
group by de.dept_no
23、对所有员工的当前(to_date='9999-01-01')薪水按照salary进行按照1-N的排名,相同salary并列且按照emp_no升序排列
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

本题的主要思想是复用salaries表进行比较排名,具体思路如下:

1、从两张相同的salaries表(分别为s1与s2)进行对比分析,先将两表限定条件设为to_date = '9999-01-01',挑选出当前所有员工的薪水情况。

2、本题的精髓在于 s1.salary <= s2.salary,意思是在输出s1.salary的情况下,有多少个s2.salary大于等于s1.salary,比如当s1.salary=94409时,有3个s2.salary(分别为94692,94409,94409)大于等于它,但由于94409重复,利用COUNT(DISTINCT s2.salary)去重可得工资为94409的rank等于2。其余排名以此类推。

3、千万不要忘了GROUP BY s1.emp_no,否则输出的记录只有一条(可能是第一条或者最后一条,根据不同的数据库而定),因为用了合计函数COUNT()

4、最后先以 s1.salary 逆序排列,再以 s1.emp_no 顺序排列输出结果

SELECT s1.emp_no, s1.salary, COUNT(DISTINCT s2.salary) AS rank

FROM salaries AS s1, salaries AS s2

WHERE s1.to_date = '9999-01-01'  AND s2.to_date = '9999-01-01' AND s1.salary <= s2.salary

GROUP BY s1.emp_no

ORDER BY s1.salary DESC, s1.emp_no ASC

最后在支持ROW_NUMBER、RANK、DENSE_RANK等函数的SQL Server数据库中,有以下参考代码,可惜在本题的SQLite数据库中不支持。

 

SELECT emp_no, salaries, DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rank

WHERE to_date = '9999-01-01' ORDER BY salary DESC, emp_no ASC

24、获取所有非manager员工当前的薪水情况,给出dept_no、emp_no以及salary ,当前表示to_date='9999-01-01'
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select dt.dept_no, e.emp_no, s.salary 
from employees e, salaries s, dept_emp dt
where e.emp_no=s.emp_no
and e.emp_no=dt.emp_no
and s.emp_no=dt.emp_no
and s.to_date='9999-01-01'
and e.emp_no not in (select emp_no from dept_manager )

25、获取员工其当前的薪水比其manager当前薪水还高的相关信息,当前表示to_date='9999-01-01',
结果第一列给出员工的emp_no,
第二列给出其manager的manager_no,
第三列给出该员工当前的薪水emp_salary,
第四列给该员工对应的manager当前的薪水manager_salary

CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

本题主要思想是创建两张表(一张记录当前所有员工的工资,另一张只记录部门经理的工资)进行比较,具体思路如下:

1、先用INNER JOIN连接salaries和demp_emp,建立当前所有员工的工资记录sem

2、再用INNER JOIN连接salaries和demp_manager,建立当前所有员工的工资记录sdm

3、最后用限制条件sem.dept_no = sdm.dept_no AND sem.salary > sdm.salary找出同一部门中工资比经理高的员工,并根据题意依次输出emp_no、manager_no、emp_salary、manager_salary

SELECT sem.emp_no AS emp_no, sdm.emp_no AS manager_no, sem.salary AS emp_salary, sdm.salary AS manager_salary
from (select s.salary, s.emp_no, de.dept_no from salaries s inner join dept_emp de
on s.emp_no=de.emp_no and s.to_date='9999-01-01') as sem,
(select s.salary, s.emp_no, dm.dept_no from salaries s inner join dept_manager dm
on s.emp_no=dm.emp_no and s.to_date='9999-01-01') as sdm
where sem.dept_no = sdm.dept_no AND sem.salary > sdm.salary

26、汇总各个部门当前员工的title类型的分配数目,结果给出部门编号dept_no、dept_name、其当前员工所有的title以及该类型title对应的数目count
CREATE TABLE `departments` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`dept_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `titles` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date DEFAULT NULL);

select dt.dept_no, de.dept_name, t.title, count(t.title) as count from titles t 
inner join dept_emp dt on t.emp_no=dt.emp_no and t.to_date='9999-01-01' and dt.to_date='9999-01-01'
inner join departments de on de.dept_no=dt.dept_no
group by dt.dept_no, de.dept_name, t.title

27、给出每个员工每年薪水涨幅超过5000的员工编号emp_no、薪水变更开始日期from_date以及薪水涨幅值salary_growth,并按照salary_growth逆序排列。

提示:在sqlite中获取datetime时间对应的年份函数为strftime('%Y', to_date)
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

本题的难点在于如何理解 每年薪水涨幅,以及复用salaries表求出每年薪水涨幅超过5000的员工,具体思路如下:

1、假设s1是涨薪水前的表,s2是涨薪水后的表,因为每个员工涨薪水的时间不全固定,有可能一年涨两次,有可能两年涨一次,所以每年薪水的涨幅,应该理解为两条薪水记录的from_date相同或to_date相同。

/** 如果只限定to_date相同,则将第三条原始测试数据的52668改成62668时,就会少一条【62668-48584=14084】的记录

INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10008,46671,'1998-03-11','1999-03-11');

INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10008,48584,'1999-03-11','2000-03-10');

INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10008, 62668 ,'2000-03-10','2000-07-31');  **/

2、找到s1与s2符合要求的记录后,用s2的薪水减去s1的薪水,用salary_growth表示,加上限定条件 s1.emp_no = s2.emp_no AND salary_growth > 5000,即同一员工每年涨幅超过5000的记录

3、最后依次输出emp_no、from_date、salary_growth,并以salary_growth逆序排列

select s2.emp_no, s2.from_date, (s2.salary-s1.salary) as salary_growth
from salaries s1, salaries s2
where s1.emp_no = s2.emp_no
and salary_growth>5000
and (strftime("%Y", s2.to_date) - strftime("%Y", s1.to_date) = 1 
     or strftime("%Y",s2.from_date) - strftime("%Y",s1.from_date) = 1)
order by salary_growth desc

28、film表

字段说明
film_id电影id
title电影名称
description电影描述信息

category表

字段说明
category_id电影分类id
name电影分类名称
last_update电影分类最后更新时间

film_category表

字段说明
film_id电影id
category_id电影分类id
last_update电影id和分类id对应关系的最后更新时间

查找描述信息中包括robot的电影对应的分类名称以及电影数目,而且还需要该分类对应电影数量>=5部

注意:这题有一个陷阱,电影数目>=5 是这类电影的所有数目,并不是包含了robot的这类电影的数目。

SELECT c.name, COUNT(fc.film_id) FROM
 (select category_id, COUNT(film_id) AS category_num FROM
     film_category  GROUP BY category_id HAVING count(film_id)>=5) AS cc,
 film AS f, film_category AS fc, category AS c
WHERE  f.description LIKE '%robot%'
AND f.film_id = fc.film_id
AND c.category_id = fc.category_id
AND c.category_id=cc.category_id

29、film表

字段说明
film_id电影id
title电影名称
description电影描述信息

category表

字段说明
category_id电影分类id
name电影分类名称
last_update电影分类最后更新时间

film_category表

字段说明
film_id电影id
category_id电影分类id
last_update电影id和分类id对应关系的最后更新时间

使用join查询方式找出没有分类的电影id以及名称

select f.film_id, f.title from film as f left join film_category as fc
on f.film_id = fc.film_id where fc.category_id is null

30、film表

字段说明
film_id电影id
title电影名称
description电影描述信息

category表

字段说明
category_id电影分类id
name电影分类名称
last_update电影分类最后更新时间

film_category表

字段说明
film_id电影id
category_id电影分类id
last_update电影id和分类id对应关系的最后更新时间

使用子查询的方式找出属于Action分类的所有电影对应的title,description

select f.title, f.description from film f where f.film_id in 
(select fc.film_id from film_category fc where fc.category_id =
(select c.category_id from category c where c.name='Action'))

31、获取select * from employees对应的执行计划

explain select * from employees

在SQLite数据库中,可以用 "EXPLAIN" 关键字或 "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN" 短语,用于描述表的细节,具体说明与用法可参考:

http://www.runoob.com/sqlite/sqlite-explain.html

http://www.sqlite.org/lang_explain.html

32、将employees表的所有员工的last_name和first_name拼接起来作为Name,中间以一个空格区分

select last_name || ' ' || first_name as Name from employees

注:不同数据库连接字符串的方法不完全相同,MySQL、SQL Server、Oracle等数据库支持CONCAT方法,而本题所用的SQLite数据库只支持用连接符号"||"来连接字符串

33、创建一个actor表,包含如下列信息

列表类型是否为NULL含义
actor_idsmallint(5)not null主键id
first_namevarchar(45)not null名字
last_namevarchar(45)not null姓氏
last_updatetimestampnot null最后更新时间,默认是系统的当前时间

create table actor(
    actor_id smallint(5) not null primary key,
    first_name    varchar(45)    not null,
    last_name    varchar(45)    not null,
    last_update    timestamp    not null default (datetime('now','localtime'))
);

34、对于表actor批量插入如下数据
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS actor (
actor_id smallint(5) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_update timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now','localtime')))

actor_idfirst_namelast_namelast_update
1PENELOPEGUINESS2006-02-15 12:34:33
2NICKWAHLBERG2006-02-15 12:34:33

insert into actor(actor_id,first_name, last_name ,last_update ) 
values('1',    'PENELOPE'    ,'GUINESS'    ,'2006-02-15 12:34:33'),
       ('2'    ,'NICK',    'WAHLBERG'    ,'2006-02-15 12:34:33');

35、对于表actor批量插入如下数据,如果数据已经存在,请忽略,不使用replace操作
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS actor (
actor_id smallint(5) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_update timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now','localtime')))

actor_idfirst_namelast_namelast_update
'3''ED''CHASE''2006-02-15 12:34:33'

insert or ignore into actor
values(3,'ED','CHASE','2006-02-15 12:34:33');

如果是MySQL,则把or去掉:

inset ignore  into actor values (3, 'ED','CHASE', '2006-02-15 12:34:33')

36、对于如下表actor,其对应的数据为:

actor_idfirst_namelast_namelast_update
1PENELOPEGUINESS2006-02-15 12:34:33
2NICKWAHLBERG2006-02-15 12:34:3

创建一个actor_name表,将actor表中的所有first_name以及last_name导入改表。 actor_name表结构如下:

列表类型是否为NULL含义
first_namevarchar(45)not null名字
last_namevarchar(45)not null姓氏

create table actor_name(
    first_name    varchar(45)    not null,
    last_name    varchar(45)    not null
);
insert into actor_name values ('PENELOPE','GUINESS'),('NICK', 'WAHLBERG')

最佳答案:

create table actor_name(
    first_name varchar(45) not null,   
    last_name varchar(45) not null 
);
insert into actor_name select first_name,last_name from actor;

37、针对如下表actor结构创建索引:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS actor (
actor_id smallint(5) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_update timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now','localtime')))
对first_name创建唯一索引uniq_idx_firstname,对last_name创建普通索引idx_lastname

create unique index uniq_idx_firstname on actor(first_name);
create index idx_lastname on actor(last_name);

38、针对actor表创建视图actor_name_view,只包含first_name以及last_name两列,并对这两列重新命名,first_name为first_name_v,last_name修改为last_name_v:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS actor (
actor_id smallint(5) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_update timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now','localtime')))

方法一:注意 CREATE VIEW ... AS ... 的 AS 是创建视图语法中的一部分,而后面的两个 AS 只是为字段创建别名

CREATE VIEW actor_name_view AS
SELECT first_name AS fist_name_v, last_name AS last_name_v
FROM actor 

方法二:直接在视图名的后面用小括号创建视图中的字段名

CREATE VIEW actor_name_view (fist_name_v, last_name_v) AS
SELECT first_name, last_name FROM actor 

39、针对salaries表emp_no字段创建索引idx_emp_no,查询emp_no为10005, 使用强制索引。
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
create index idx_emp_no on salaries(emp_no);

SQLite中,使用 INDEXED BY 语句进行强制索引查询

select * from salaries indexed by idx_emp_no where emp_no='10005'

MySQL中,使用 FORCE INDEX 语句进行强制索引查询

SELECT * FROM salaries FORCE INDEX idx_emp_no WHERE emp_no = 10005

40、存在actor表,包含如下列信息:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS actor (
actor_id smallint(5) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
last_update timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now','localtime')));
现在在last_update后面新增加一列名字为create_date, 类型为datetime, NOT NULL,默认值为'0000 00:00:00'

alter table actor add column create_date datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00'

41、构造一个触发器audit_log,在向employees_test表中插入一条数据的时候,触发插入相关的数据到audit中。
CREATE TABLE employees_test(
ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL
);
CREATE TABLE audit(
EMP_no INT NOT NULL,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL
);

create trigger audit_log after insert on employees_test
begin
    insert into audit values(new.id, new.name);
end;

42、删除emp_no重复的记录,只保留最小的id对应的记录。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS titles_test (
id int(11) not null primary key,
emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,
title varchar(50) NOT NULL,
from_date date NOT NULL,
to_date date DEFAULT NULL);

insert into titles_test values ('1', '10001', 'Senior Engineer', '1986-06-26', '9999-01-01'),
('2', '10002', 'Staff', '1996-08-03', '9999-01-01'),
('3', '10003', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01'),
('4', '10004', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01'),
('5', '10001', 'Senior Engineer', '1986-06-26', '9999-01-01'),
('6', '10002', 'Staff', '1996-08-03', '9999-01-01'),
('7', '10003', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01');

delete from titles_test where id not in (select min(id) from titles_test group by emp_no)

43、将所有to_date为9999-01-01的全部更新为NULL,且 from_date更新为2001-01-01。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS titles_test (
id int(11) not null primary key,
emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,
title varchar(50) NOT NULL,
from_date date NOT NULL,
to_date date DEFAULT NULL);

insert into titles_test values ('1', '10001', 'Senior Engineer', '1986-06-26', '9999-01-01'),
('2', '10002', 'Staff', '1996-08-03', '9999-01-01'),
('3', '10003', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01'),
('4', '10004', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01'),
('5', '10001', 'Senior Engineer', '1986-06-26', '9999-01-01'),
('6', '10002', 'Staff', '1996-08-03', '9999-01-01'),
('7', '10003', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01');

update titles_test set to_date=null,from_date='2001-01-01' where to_date='9999-01-01'

44、将id=5以及emp_no=10001的行数据替换成id=5以及emp_no=10005,其他数据保持不变,使用replace实现。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS titles_test (
id int(11) not null primary key,
emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,
title varchar(50) NOT NULL,
from_date date NOT NULL,
to_date date DEFAULT NULL);

insert into titles_test values ('1', '10001', 'Senior Engineer', '1986-06-26', '9999-01-01'),
('2', '10002', 'Staff', '1996-08-03', '9999-01-01'),
('3', '10003', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01'),
('4', '10004', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01'),
('5', '10001', 'Senior Engineer', '1986-06-26', '9999-01-01'),
('6', '10002', 'Staff', '1996-08-03', '9999-01-01'),
('7', '10003', 'Senior Engineer', '1995-12-03', '9999-01-01');

replace into titles_test values(5, 10005, 'Senior Engineer', '1986-06-26', '9999-01-01');
update titles_test set emp_no=replace(emp_no, 10001, 10005) where id = 5

45、将titles_test表名修改为titles_2017。

alter table titles_test rename to titles_2017

46、在audit表上创建外键约束,其emp_no对应employees_test表的主键id。
CREATE TABLE employees_test(
ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL
);

CREATE TABLE audit(
EMP_no INT NOT NULL,
create_date datetime NOT NULL
);

47、在audit表上创建外键约束,其emp_no对应employees_test表的主键id。
CREATE TABLE employees_test(
ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL
);

CREATE TABLE audit(
EMP_no INT NOT NULL,
create_date datetime NOT NULL
);

DROP TABLE audit;
CREATE TABLE audit(
    EMP_no INT NOT NULL,
    create_date datetime NOT NULL,
    FOREIGN KEY(EMP_no) REFERENCES employees_test(ID));

48、存在如下的视图:
create view emp_v as select * from employees where emp_no >10005;
如何获取emp_v和employees有相同的数据?
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
输出格式:

emp_nobirth_datefirst_namelast_namegenderhire_date
100061953-04-20AnnekePreusigF1989-06-02
100071957-05-23TzvetanZielinskiF1989-02-10
100081958-02-19SaniyaKalloufiM1994-09-15
100091952-04-19SumantPeacF

1985-02-18

用 INTERSECT 关键字求 employees 和 emp_v 的交集

SELECT * FROM employees INTERSECT SELECT * FROM emp_v

49、将所有获取奖金的员工当前的薪水增加10%。
create table emp_bonus(
emp_no int not null,
recevied datetime not null,
btype smallint not null);
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

update salaries set salary = salary*1.1
    where emp_no in (select emp_no from emp_bonus)

50、获取Employees中的first_name,查询按照first_name最后两个字母,按照升序进行排列
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

SELECT first_name FROM employees
order by substr(first_name,length(first_name)-1)

51、查找排除当前最大、最小salary之后的员工的平均工资avg_salary。
CREATE TABLE `salaries` ( `emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select avg(salary) as avg_salary from salaries 
where salary<>(select max(salary) as max_s from salaries)
and salary <>(select min(salary) as min_s from salaries)
and to_date='9999-01-01'

52、获取有奖金的员工相关信息。
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
create table emp_bonus(
emp_no int not null,
recevied datetime not null,
btype smallint not null);
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
给出emp_no、first_name、last_name、奖金类型btype、对应的当前薪水情况salary以及奖金金额bonus。 bonus类型btype为1其奖金为薪水salary的10%,btype为2其奖金为薪水的20%,其他类型均为薪水的30%。 当前薪水表示to_date='9999-01-01'
输出格式:

emp_nofirst_namelast_namebtypesalarybonus
10001GeorgiFacello1889588895.8
10002BezalelSimmel27252714505.4
10003PartoBamford34331112993.3
10004ChirstianKoblick1740577405.7

select e.emp_no, e.first_name, e.last_name, eb.btype, s.salary, 
(case eb.btype
when 1 then s.salary*0.1
when 2 then s.salary*0.2
else s.salary*0.3 end) as bonus from employees e, emp_bonus eb, salaries s
where e.emp_no=eb.emp_no
and e.emp_no=s.emp_no
and s.to_date='9999-01-01'

53、对于employees表中,给出奇数行的first_name
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
输出格式:

first_name
Georgi
Chirstian
Anneke
Tzvetan
Saniya
Mary

select first_name from employees e1 where(
select count(*)from employees e2 where e1.first_name>=e2.first_name)%2=1

54、按照salary的累计和running_total,其中running_total为前两个员工的salary累计和,其他以此类推。 具体结果如下Demo展示。。
CREATE TABLE `salaries` ( `emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
输出格式:

emp_nosalaryrunning_total
100018895888958
1000272527161485
1000343311204796
1000474057278853
1000594692373545
1000643311416856
1000788070504926
1000995409600335
1001094409694744
1001125828720572

select s.emp_no, s.salary, 
(select sum(s1.salary) from salaries s1 
 where s1.emp_no<=s.emp_no and s1.to_date='9999-01-01') as running_total 
from salaries s where s.to_date='9999-01-01' order by s.emp_no

55、存在如下的视图:
create view emp_v as select * from employees where emp_no >10005;
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
获取employees中的行数据,且这些行也存在于emp_v中。注意不能使用intersect关键字。
输出格式:

emp_nobirth_datefirst_namelast_namegenderhire_date
100061953-04-20AnnekePreusigF1989-06-02
100071957-05-23TzvetanZielinskiF1989-02-10
100081958-02-19SaniyaKalloufiM1994-09-15
100091952-04-19SumantPeacF1985-02-18
100101963-06-01DuangkaewPiveteauF1989-08-24
100111953-11-07MarySluisF1990-01-22

select e.* from employees e, emp_v ev where e.emp_no = ev.emp_no

56、使用含有关键字exists查找未分配具体部门的员工的所有信息。
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
输出格式:

emp_nobirth_datefirst_namelast_namegenderhire_date
100111953-11-07MarySluisF1990-01-22

select e.* from employees e
where not exists (select emp_no from dept_emp dt where e.emp_no=dt.emp_no)

57、获取所有员工的emp_no、部门编号dept_no以及对应的bonus类型btype和recevied,没有分配具体的员工不显示

SELECT em.emp_no, de.dept_no, eb.btype, eb.recevied FROM employees AS em INNER JOIN dept_emp AS de
ON em.emp_no = de.emp_no LEFT JOIN emp_bonus AS eb ON de.emp_no = eb.emp_no

58、分页查询employees表,每5行一页,返回第2页的数据
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select * from employees limit 5, 5

59、将employees表中的所有员工的last_name和first_name通过(')连接起来。

select last_name || "'" || first_name from employees

60、查找字符串'10,A,B' 中逗号','出现的次数cnt。

select (length('10,A,B')-length(replace('10,A,B',',',''))) as cnt

61、按照dept_no进行汇总,属于同一个部门的emp_no按照逗号进行连接,结果给出dept_no以及连接出的结果employees
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
输出格式:

dept_noemployees
d00110001,10002
d00210006
d00310005
d00410003,10004
d00510007,10008,10010
d00610009,10010

SELECT dept_no, group_concat(emp_no) AS employees
FROM dept_emp GROUP BY dept_no

注:group_concat() 函数介绍:

参数类型:group_concat(X)和group_concat(X,Y)

group_concat()函数返回X的非null值的连接后的字符串。如果给出了参数Y,将会在每个X之间用Y作为分隔符。如果省略了Y,“,”将作为默认的分隔符。每个元素连接的顺序是随机的。

62、针对库中的所有表生成select count(*)对应的SQL语句
输出格式:

cnts
select count(*) from employees;
select count(*) from departments;
select count(*) from dept_emp;
select count(*) from dept_manager;
select count(*) from salaries;
select count(*) from titles;
select count(*) from emp_bonus;

SELECT "select count(*) from " || name || ";" AS cnts
FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table'

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