(数据分析)Python-matpoltlib库-绘制直方图

问题引入

假设你获取了250部电影的时长(列表a中),希望统计出这些电影时长的分布状态(比如时长为100分钟到120分钟电影的数量,出现的频率)等信息,你应该如何呈现这些数据?

绘制直方图

在python中画条形图主要是用matplotlib模块中的hist函数

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simfang.ttf")

a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127,
   130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124,
   113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,
   99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132,
   103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117,
   127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119,
   133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123,
   111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149,
   122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,
   121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117,
   100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137,
   115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

# 计算组数
d = 6 # 组距
num_bins=(max(a)-min(a))//d
plt.hist(a,num_bins,density=True)
#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))
plt.grid()
plt.show()

运行结果

注意事项

在绘制频率分布直方图执行如下语句时，会报出警告

plt.hist(a,num_bins,normed=True)

UserWarning: The 'normed' kwarg is deprecated, and has been replaced by the 'density' kwarg.
  warnings.warn("The 'normed' kwarg is deprecated, and has been "

网上查找资料之后发现，绘制频率分布直方图的normed用在比较早的版本中，在比较新的版本中，用normed是会warning的，改的方法也非常简单，将其改为density即可。

plt.hist(a,num_bins,density=True)

参考博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41111088/article/details/83116752