HDOJ 5650-so easy

so easy

Accepts: 512
Submissions: 1601
Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)
Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)
Problem Description

Given an array with n integers, assume f(S)f(S)f(S) as the result of executing xor operation among all the elements of set SSS. e.g. if S={1,2,3}S = {1,2,3}S={1,2,3} then f(S)=0f(S) = 0f(S)=0.

your task is: calculate xor of all f(s)f(s)f(s), here s⊆Ss \subseteq SsS.

Input

This problem has multi test cases. First line contains a single integer T(T≤20)T(T\leq 20)T(T20) which represents the number of test cases. For each test case, the first line contains a single integer number n(1≤n≤1,000)n(1\leq n \leq 1,000)n(1n1,000) that represents the size of the given set. then the following line consists of nnn different integer numbers indicate elements(≤109\leq 10^9109) of the given set.

Output

For each test case, print a single integer as the answer.

Sample Input
1
3
1  2  3
Sample Output
0

In the sample,S={1,2,3}S = \{1, 2, 3\}S={1,2,3}, subsets of SSS are: ∅\varnothing, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}
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