首先复习一下上篇所学:RabbitMQ实现了AMQP定义的消息队列。它实现的功能”非常简单“:从Producer接收数据然后传递到Consumer。它能保证多并发,数据安全传递,可扩展。
整体的设计如下图:
![](http://www.rabbitmq.com/img/tutorials/python-one-overall.png)
1. 环境配置
RabbitMQ 实现了AMQP。因此,我们需要安装AMPQ的library。幸运的是对于多种编程语言都有实现。我们可以使用以下lib的任何一个:
在这里我们将使用pika. 可以通过 pip 包管理工具来安装:
- $ sudo pip install pika==0.9.8
这个安装依赖于pip和Git-core。
On Ubuntu:
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip git-core
On Debian:
$ sudo apt-get install python-setuptools git-core $ sudo easy_install pipOn Windows:To install easy_install, run the MS Windows Installer for setuptools
> easy_install pip > pip install pika==0.9.8
2. Sending
![](http://www.rabbitmq.com/img/tutorials/sending.png)
第一个program send.py:发送Hello world 到queue。正如我们在上篇文章提到的,你程序的第一句话就是建立连接,第二句话就是创建channel:
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- import pika
- connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
- 'localhost'))
- channel = connection.channel()
关于谁创建queue,上篇文章也讨论过:Producer和Consumer都应该去创建。
接下来我们创建名字为hello的queue:
- channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
- $ sudo rabbitmqctl list_queues
- Listing queues ...
- hello 0
- ...done.
从架构图可以看出,Producer只能发送到exchange,它是不能直接发送到queue的。现在我们使用默认的exchange(名字是空字符)。这个默认的exchange允许我们发送给指定的queue。routing_key就是指定的queue名字。
- channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
- routing_key='hello',
- body='Hello World!')
- print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
- connection.close()
3. Receiving
![](http://www.rabbitmq.com/img/tutorials/receiving.png)
第二个program receive.py 将从queue中获取Message并且打印到屏幕。
第一步还是创建connection。第二步创建channel。第三步创建queue,name = hello:
- channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
接下来要subscribe了。在这之前,需要声明一个回调函数来处理接收到的数据。
- def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
- print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
- channel.basic_consume(callback,
- queue='hello',
- no_ack=True)
- print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'
- channel.start_consuming()
4. 最终版本
send.py:
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- import pika
- connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
- host='localhost'))
- channel = connection.channel()
- channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
- channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
- routing_key='hello',
- body='Hello World!')
- print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
- connection.close()
receive.py:
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- import pika
- connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
- host='localhost'))
- channel = connection.channel()
- channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
- print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'
- def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
- print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
- channel.basic_consume(callback,
- queue='hello',
- no_ack=True)
- channel.start_consuming()
5. 最终运行
先运行 send.py program:
- $ python send.py
- [x] Sent 'Hello World!'
- $ python receive.py
- [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
- [x] Received 'Hello World!'
接下来,就要奉上更接近实际环境的例子。取决与我的课余时间啊。。。
尊重原创,转载请注明出处 anzhsoft: http://blog.csdn.NET/anzhsoft/article/details/19570187
参考文献: