minicnda的使用

一、简介

Anaconda是一个发行包，里面集成打包了很多的软件包，使用conda包管理器来安装软件，比较方便，但是Anaconda软件包太大，个人不太喜欢，想自己定制。Miniconda中只有Conda包管理器，正是我想要的，下面简单介绍一下Miniconda的简单配置方法。

二、配置使用

1. 下载软件包：

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/Miniconda3-4.3.14-Linux-x86_64.sh

 

2. 安装：

bash Miniconda3-4.3.14-Linux-x86_64.sh

 

####显示过程####：

Welcome to Miniconda3 4.3.14 (by Continuum Analytics, Inc.)

 
In order to continue the installation process, please review the license

agreement.

Please, press ENTER to continue

>>>  # 按回车，之后按空格键显示完全license信息

=================

Miniconda License

=================

  
Copyright 2016, Continuum Analytics, Inc.

  

All rights reserved under the 3-clause BSD License:

  

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,

this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

  
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,

this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation

and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

  
* Neither the name of Continuum Analytics, Inc. nor the names of its

contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this

software without specific prior written permission.

  
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"

AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CONTINUUM ANALYTICS, INC. BE LIABLE FOR

ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL

DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR

SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER

CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT

LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY

OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

DAMAGE.

  

Notice of Third Party Software Licenses

=======================================

  

Anaconda contains open source software packages from third parties. These

are available on an "as is" basis and subject to their individual license

agreements. These licenses are available in Anaconda or at

http://docs.continuum.io/anaconda/pkg-docs . Any binary packages of these

third party tools you obtain via Anaconda are subject to their individual

licenses as well as the Anaconda license. Continuum reserves the right to

change which third party tools are provided in Anaconda.

  
Cryptography Notice

===================

This distribution includes cryptographic software. The country in which you

currently reside may have restrictions on the import, possession, use,

and/or re-export to another country, of encryption software. BEFORE using

any encryption software, please check your country's laws, regulations and

policies concerning the import, possession, or use, and re-export of

encryption software, to see if this is permitted. See the Wassenaar

Arrangement <http://www.wassenaar.org/> for more information.

  

Continuum Analytics has self-classified this software as Export Commodity

Control Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.1, which includes information security

software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric

algorithms. The form and manner of this distribution makes it eligible for

export under the License Exception ENC Technology Software Unrestricted

(TSU) exception (see the BIS Export Administration Regulations, Section

740.13) for both object code and source code.

  

The following packages are included in this distribution that relate to

cryptography:

  

openssl

The OpenSSL Project is a collaborative effort to develop a robust,

commercial-grade, full-featured, and Open Source toolkit implementing the

Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocols as

well as a full-strength general purpose cryptography library.

  

pycrypto

A collection of both secure hash functions (such as SHA256 and RIPEMD160),

and various encryption algorithms (AES, DES, RSA, ElGamal, etc.).

  

Do you approve the license terms? [yes|no]

>>> yes        # 同意license条款

  

Miniconda3 will now be installed into this location:

/home/gql/miniconda3

  

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location

  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation

  - Or specify a different location below

  

[/home/gql/miniconda3] >>> # 此处可修改到其他目录，也可以默认

PREFIX=/home/gql/miniconda3

installing: python-3.6.0-0 ...

installing: cffi-1.9.1-py36_0 ...

installing: conda-env-2.6.0-0 ...

installing: cryptography-1.7.1-py36_0 ...

installing: idna-2.2-py36_0 ...

installing: libffi-3.2.1-1 ...

installing: openssl-1.0.2k-1 ...

installing: pyasn1-0.1.9-py36_0 ...

installing: pycosat-0.6.1-py36_1 ...

installing: pycparser-2.17-py36_0 ...

installing: pyopenssl-16.2.0-py36_0 ...

installing: readline-6.2-2 ...

installing: requests-2.12.4-py36_0 ...

installing: ruamel_yaml-0.11.14-py36_1 ...

installing: setuptools-27.2.0-py36_0 ...

installing: six-1.10.0-py36_0 ...

installing: sqlite-3.13.0-0 ...

installing: tk-8.5.18-0 ...

installing: xz-5.2.2-1 ...

installing: yaml-0.1.6-0 ...

installing: zlib-1.2.8-3 ...

installing: conda-4.3.14-py36_0 ...

installing: pip-9.0.1-py36_1 ...

installing: wheel-0.29.0-py36_0 ...

Python 3.6.0 :: Continuum Analytics, Inc.

creating default environment...

installation finished.

Do you wish the installer to prepend the Miniconda3 install location

to PATH in your /home/gql/.bashrc ? [yes|no]

[no] >>> yes    # 同意把conda添加到用户环境变量中

  

Prepending PATH=/home/gql/miniconda3/bin to PATH in /home/gql/.bashrc

A backup will be made to: /home/gql/.bashrc-miniconda3.bak

  

  

For this change to become active, you have to open a new terminal.

  

Thank you for installing Miniconda3!

  

Share your notebooks and packages on Anaconda Cloud!

Sign up for free: https://anaconda.org

####安装完成######

3. 查看并使得conda命令生效（windows不用）

（1）查看：

tail -3 ~/.bashrc

 

若显示如下，则表示命令已经添加到用户环境变量中：

# added by Miniconda3 4.3.14 installer

export PATH="/home/gql/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"

 

（2）使生效

source ~/.bashrc    # .bashrc文件生效

 

4. 更换conda源和pip源：

（1）conda源：（使用清华开源镜像站的源）

编写配置文件：

vim ~/.condarc  # 新建配置文件并打开

若windows：

C:\Users\用户名\.condarc

channels:

- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/

- defaults

show_channel_urls: true

英文输入法条件下，按i进入输入模式，把上述配置拷贝进去即可。

输入完之后，按esc键，然后按 :x 保存并退出。

 

（2）pip源：（使用清华开源镜像站的源）

mkdir ~/.pip               # 在用户家目录下创建.pip 隐藏文件夹

vim ~/.pip/pip.conf    # 新建配置文件并打开

若windows：

C:\Users\用户名\pip\pip.ini

 

或豆瓣源：

 

5. 创建python任意版本虚拟环境：

比如：python2.7

conda create --name py2 python=2.7

 

查看当前conda管理的虚拟环境有哪些：

conda info --envs

 

6. 修改进入虚拟环境的命令（windows不用）

vim ~/.bashrc  # 在文件的最下面添加下面两行，不是必须（个人喜好 ^_^）

alias workon='source activate'

alias pybye='source deactivate'

 

修改环境变量之后使生效：

source ~/.bashrc

此时进入虚拟环境的命令：

workon py2

离开虚拟环境的命令：

pybye

 

7. 进入虚拟环境安装软件包：

workon py2               # 进入虚拟环境，或 source activate py2 / windows：activate py2 

pip install 软件包名   # 安装软件包

 

附加常用命令：

pip list        # 查看当前虚拟环境存在的软件包

pip freeze  # 查看当前虚拟环境存在的软件包，同时显示处具体版本

比如在某个相同环境软件包重定向到文件：pip freeze > py2.txt

再使用相同环境的文件安装软件包：pip install -r py2.txt

 

pip的所有命令：

Usage:

  pip <command> [options]

  

Commands:

  install                     Install packages.

  download                    Download packages.

  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.

  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.

  list                        List installed packages.

  show                        Show information about installed packages.

  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.

  config                      Manage local and global configuration.

  search                      Search PyPI for packages.

  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.

  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.

  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.

  help                        Show help for commands.

  

General Options:

  -h, --help                  Show help.

  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring

                              environment variables and user configuration.

  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be

                              used up to 3 times.

  -V, --version               Show version and exit.

  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be

                              used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING,

                              ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).

  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.

  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form

                              [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.

  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should

                              attempt (default 5 times).

  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).

  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists:

                              (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort).

  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does

                              not have valid or any HTTPS.

  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.

  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file

                              containing the private key and the certificate

                              in PEM format.

  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.

  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.

  --disable-pip-version-check

                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine

                              whether a new version of pip is available for

                              download. Implied with --no-index.

  --no-color                  Suppress colored output

 

Ps: 若没有配置，命令行使用其他源安装：

pip install numpy.py -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com