改BUG的一点小心得

Server Tomcat v8.5 Server at localhost failed to start错误分析

首先如果你也是在写servlet时发生这样的错误，那没准咱俩很有缘分，遇到了相同的问题：

然后讲一下，为什么我很喜欢这个错误呢？

理由就是，这个错误让我学会了观察爆出的异常，然后找到错误发生的地方，我现在真的很想感慨，try-catch是太强了，帮了大忙。

我先贴出异常如下：

java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/JSPStudy]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:941)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:872)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1421)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1411)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/JSPStudy]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
	... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid <url-pattern> [hello] in servlet mapping
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addServletMappingDecoded(StandardContext.java:3181)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addServletMappingDecoded(StandardContext.java:3168)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureContext(ContextConfig.java:1366)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1180)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:765)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:299)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:94)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5138)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 6 more

五月 08, 2018 11:28:25 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
严重: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:941)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:793)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:681)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:353)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:493)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1421)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1411)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:949)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:872)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 6 more

五月 08, 2018 11:28:25 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
严重: The required Server component failed to start so Tomcat is unable to start.
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardServer[8005]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:681)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:353)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:493)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardService[Catalina]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:793)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 7 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 9 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:949)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 11 more

五月 08, 2018 11:28:25 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
信息: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
五月 08, 2018 11:28:25 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
信息: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
五月 08, 2018 11:28:25 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
信息: Stopping service [Catalina]
五月 08, 2018 11:28:25 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
信息: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
五月 08, 2018 11:28:25 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
信息: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]

第一眼看见我头都大了，然后经过我一直以来的经验，可以按一下步骤来查错：

第一步：找出所有cause by的句子：

Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/JSPStudy]]

Invalid <url-pattern> [hello] in servlet mapping

..................（我就先列出其中两条）

第二步：按顺序找和你现在程序相关的错误

这时候，我就发现了我在web.xml中写servlet-maping的时候粗心了，漏掉了/

改正以后，错误就消失了！

当然，我这是小错误，但是学会看爆出的异常确实非常关键，能够很快解决问题，算自己总结的点小经验吧。

那么为啥说，try-catch很强大呢？

我之前mysql换新版本的时候，按照以前的思路敲代码，但是一直就是连接不上，控制台啥也没有输出，就那种一点反应也没有。

我人为地检查了代码，我真的找不出一点错误。

然后我就debug,发现就是getConnection()那里出现的问题。但是我就是坚信自己是没错的，以前写了很多遍嘛。

最后实在没办法，我强行给这一行代码加上了try-catch，竟然捕获到了异常，新版本的连接语句还得加上时区！！！

最终问题终于得到解决了。