select在socket中的server多路复用

1)server程序如下：

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
 
 
#define BUFF_MAX	1024
 
 
// 英文小写转换成大写
static void str2up(char *str) {
    while (*str) {
        if (*str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z') {
            *str = *str - 'a' + 'A';
        }
 
        str++;
    }
}

int main(void) {
    int server_sockfd, client_sockfd;
    int server_len, client_len;
    struct sockaddr_in server_address;
    struct sockaddr_in client_address;
    int result = 0;
    fd_set readfds, writefds, rfds, wfds;
    char buff[BUFF_MAX] = { '\0' }; 
    
 
    // 建立服务器socket
    server_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);	
    server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    server_address.sin_port = htons(9100);
 
    server_len = sizeof(server_address);
 
    // 绑定
    bind(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_address, server_len);
    
    // 监听，最多监听10个
    listen(server_sockfd, 10);
 
    // 清零
    FD_ZERO(&readfds);
    FD_ZERO(&writefds);
 
    // 将服务端socket加入到集合中
    FD_SET(server_sockfd, &readfds);
    FD_SET(server_sockfd, &writefds);
 
    while (1) {
 
        int fd;
        int nread;
 
 
        // 将需要监视的描述符集拷贝到select查询队列中，select会对其修改，所以一定要分开使用变量
        rfds = readfds;
        wfds = writefds;
 
        printf("server waiting...\n");
 
        // 无期限阻塞，并测试文件描述符变动
        result = select(FD_SETSIZE, &rfds, &wfds, (fd_set *)0, (struct timeval *)0);	// FD_SETSIZE，默认最大文件描述符，在这里最大是1024
        if (result < 1) {
            perror("select\n");
            exit(1);
 
        } else if (0 == result) {
            printf("time out!\n");
        
        }
        
        // 扫描所有的文件描述符
        for (fd = 0; fd < FD_SETSIZE; fd++) {
            // 找到相关文件描述符，read
            if (FD_ISSET(fd, &rfds)) {
                // 判断是否为服务器套接字，是则表示客户端请求连接
                //服务器描述符也是文件描述符的一种,也被加入到fd_set这个集合里面了。
        //server_sockfd为服务器描述符，" if (fd == server_sockfd)"，这句话的意思是，服务器描述符有变化了(代表可读事件)，肯定是有新的client添加进了。                
                if (fd == server_sockfd) {
                    client_len = sizeof(client_address);
                    client_sockfd = accept(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_address, (socklen_t*)(&client_len));
                    
                    // 将客户端socket加入到集合中
                    FD_SET(client_sockfd, &readfds);
                    //FD_SET(client_sockfd, &writefds);
 
                    printf("adding client on fd %d\n", client_sockfd);
                
                } else { // 客户端socket中有数据请求时
                    // 取得数据量交给nread
                    ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &nread);
 
                    // 客户数据请求完毕，关闭套接字，从集合中清除相应描述符
                    if (0 == nread) {
                        close(fd);
                        FD_CLR(fd, &readfds);	// 去掉g关闭的fd
                        printf("remove client on fd %d\n", fd);
                    
                    } else {
                        read(fd, buff, BUFF_MAX);
                        
                        sleep(5);
                        printf("receive：%s\n", buff);
                        printf("serving client on fd %d\n", fd);
                        FD_SET(client_sockfd, &writefds);
 
                    }
                }
  
            } else if (FD_ISSET(fd, &wfds)) {
                str2up(buff);	// 转化为大写
                write(fd, buff, sizeof(buff));
                memset(buff, 0, BUFF_MAX);
                FD_CLR(fd, &writefds);
               
            } else {
                //printf("其他\n");
            }
 
        }
 
    }
 
    return 0;
}

２）client程序

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
 #include<string.h>
 
#define BUFF_MAX        1024
 
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int client_sockfd;
    int len;
    struct sockaddr_in address; // 服务器网络地址结构体
    int result;
    char buff[BUFF_MAX] = { '\0' };
 
    if (argc < 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "missing parameter\n");
        exit(1);
    }
 
    strcpy(buff, argv[1]);
 
    // 建立客户端socket
    client_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    address.sin_port = htons(9100);
 
    len = sizeof(address);
 
    // 连接服务器
    result = connect(client_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, len);
    if (-1 == result) {
        perror("connect");
        exit(1);
    }
 
    // 发送数据给服务器
    write(client_sockfd, buff, strlen(buff));
 
    memset(buff, '\0', BUFF_MAX);
    // 接收服务器发回来的数据
    read(client_sockfd, buff, BUFF_MAX);
    printf("receive：%s\n", buff);
    sleep(3);
 
    close(client_sockfd);
    return 0;
}

３）输出结果：
启动服务器程序：
./server

server waiting...
adding client on fd 4
server waiting...
receive：aaa
serving client on fd 4
server waiting...
server waiting...
remove client on fd 4
server waiting...

启动client程序:
./client hello

receive：AAA