Ruby

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 15:09:36 发布

qq_30364013

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 15:09:36 发布

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文章标签： ruby 脚本语言面向对象

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30364013/article/details/52280509

版权

特性：
一种真正的面向对象脚本编程语言。
支持许多 GUI 工具，比如 Tcl/Tk、GTK 和 OpenGL。
很容易地连接到 DB2、MySQL、Oracle 和 Sybase。
有丰富的内置函数。
可以用来编写通用网关接口（CGI）脚本。
可用于开发的 Internet 和 Intranet 应用程序。
可以被嵌入到超文本标记语言（HTML）。

交互式命令行的模式: irb
命令行选项:
-c 只检查语法，不执行程序。
-C dir 在执行前改变目录。
-d 启用调试模式（等价于 -debug）。
注释： 单行 # 多行 =begin……=end

#!/usr/bin/ruby
# encoding:utf-8
# 输出
print("hello,ruby\n")
puts "hello","ruby"
puts "100"
p "100"
# 控制
a=20
if a>=10 then 
    puts "bigger"
end
if a<10 then 
    puts "smaller"
end
#
a=5
if a>=10 then 
    puts "bigger"
else
    puts "smaller"
end
#
i=1
while i<=10
    print i,","
    i=i+1
end
#
3.times do |i|
    print "rudy #{i}\n"
end
#
names=["梁","梁志","远"]
puts names.size
names.each do |n|
    puts n
end
#
address={name:"梁志远",tel:"152"}
puts address[:name]
puts address[:tel]
address.each do |key,value|
    puts "#{key}:#{value}"
end
#
names=["梁","梁志","远"]
names.each do |n|
    if /梁/=~n
        puts n
    end
end

# ruby hello.rb hello world
puts "参数1：#{ARGV[0]}"
puts "参数2：#{ARGV[1]}"

# ruby hello.rb test.txt
filename =ARGV[0]
file = File.open(filename)
text = file.read
puts text
file.close

# ruby hello.rb test.txt
filename =ARGV[0]
text = File.read(filename)
puts text

# ruby hello.rb test.txt
puts File.read(ARGV[0])

# ruby hello.rb test.txt
filename =ARGV[0]
file = File.open(filename)
file.each_line do |line|
    puts line
end
file.close

# ruby hello.rb 语言 test.txt
pattern = Regexp.new(ARGV[0])
filename = ARGV[1]
file = File.open(filename)
file.each_line do |line|
    if pattern =~ line
        puts line
    end
end
file.close

# 方法定义
def hello
    puts "hello ruby"
end
hello()
#
require "date"
days=Date.today-Date.new(2015,7,20)
puts days.to_i
#
require "grep"
grep_demo(Regexp.new("Ruby"),"test.txt")
#
arr=["a",1,nil]
arr.each do |item|
    case item
    when String
        puts "is String"
    when Numeric
        puts "is Numeric"
    else
        puts "nil"
    end
end
#
from =1
to=10
sum=0
for i in from..to
    sum+=i
end
puts sum
#
def myloop
    while true
        yield       
    end 
end
num=1
myloop do 
    if num >100 then 
    break
    end
    puts "num is #{num}"
    num *=2
end
#
def meth(arg,*args,c)
    [arg,args,c]
end
p meth(1,2,3,4)

#面向对象
require "net/http"
require "uri"
#url = URI.parse("http://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/")
url = URI.parse("http://www.sina.com.cn/")
http = Net::HTTP.start(url.host,url.port)
doc = http.get(url.path)
puts doc

#类和实例
arr = Array.new
arr2 = []
str=""
p arr
p arr.class 
p str.class
p arr.instance_of?(Array)
p str.instance_of?(String)

#类
class Hello
    def initialize(myname="ruby")
        @name=myname        
    end
    def hello
        "hello,world.i am #{@name}"     
    end
end
bob = Hello.new("bob")
p bob.hello
p Hello.new.hello

#继承
str=""
p str.is_a?(String)
p str.is_a?(Object)
class RingArray < Array
    def [] (i)
        idx = i% size
        super(idx)      
    end 
end
wday=RingArray["周一","周二","周三","周四","周五"]
p wday[3]
p wday[7]

#封装
t=Time.new
p t.year

#多态
obj=Object.new
srt="hello"
num=Math::PI
p obj.to_s
p srt.to_s  
p num.to_s

#扩展类
class String
    def count_word
        arr=self.split(/\s+/)
        return arr.size     
    end 
end
p "h e l l o".count_word

#单例类
str="ruby"
class <<str
    def hello
        "hello,#{self}"     
    end 
end
p str.hello

#include
module M
    def meth
        "meth"
    end
end
class C
    include M   
end
p C.new.meth
p C.include?(M)
p C.ancestors
p C.superclass

#extend
module Edition
    def edition(n)
        "#{self} 第#{n}版"        
    end 
end
str = "Ruby"
str.extend(Edition)
p str.edition(4)

#extend/include
module ClassMethods
    def cmethod
        "class method"      
    end 
end
module InstanceMethods
    def imethod
        "instance method"       
    end 
end
class MyClass
    extend ClassMethods
    include InstanceMethods
end
p MyClass.cmethod
p MyClass.new.imethod

# 异常
def copy(from,to)
    num=1
    begin
        src = File.open(from)
        #raise "打开文件失败"
        dst = File.open(to,"w")     
        data = src.read
        dst.write(data)
        dst.close
    rescue => ex
        p ex.message
        while num < 5 do
            sleep 1 
            num += 1
            retry
        end
    ensure
        p "尝试 #{num}次"  
        src.close
    end 
    p "over"
end
copy("text.txt","text.txt")

#块
sum = 0
items =""
outcome = {"通讯费"=>58,"书费"=>300,"交通费"=>100}
outcome.each do |item , price|
    items += item+"-"
    sum += price
end
puts "#{items}:#{sum}"

# 将块封装为对象
hello = Proc.new do |name|
    puts "Hello,#{name}"
end
hello.call("World")
#
def total(from,to)
    result =0
    from.upto(10) do |num|
        if block_given?
            result += yield(num)
        else
            result+=num
        end
    end 
    return result
end
p total(1,10)
p total(1,10){|num| num**2}
sum=0
n = total(1,10) do |num|
    if num ==5 
        next 0
    end
    num
end
p n

#数值类
a=Rational(2,5)
b=Rational(1,3)
p a
p b
c=a+b
p c
p c.to_f
p Random.rand
p Random.rand(10)

# 数组类、字符串类、散列类

# 正则表达式类
str = "http://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/"
%r|http://([^/]*)/|=~str
puts "server address #{$1}" 
str2 = "http://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/?name=bar#lzy"
%r|^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?|=~str2
puts "#{$2},#{$4},#{$5},#{$7},#{$9}" 

#IO类、File类、Dir类
$stdout.print "out1"
$stderr.print "out1"
File.rename("test.txt","test2.txt")
Dir.mkdir("temp")
p Dir.pwd

#Encoding类

#Time类、Date类
require "time"
require "date"
p Time.new
sleep 1
p Time.now
p Time.now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
p Time.parse("2013/03/23 08:35:15")
d=Date.today
puts d
d1=Date.new(2013,6,8)
p d.strftime("%a %b %d %Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")

#Proc类
hello = Proc.new do |name|
    puts "Hello,#{name}"
end
hello.call("World")

Ruby 数据库访问:mysql
1、安装 Ruby MySQL 模块
2、数据库连接

require "dbi"
begin
     # 连接到 MySQL 服务器
     dbh = DBI.connect("DBI:Mysql:数据库实例名:localhost", 
                       "root", "mysql")
     # 获取服务器版本字符串，并显示
     row = dbh.select_one("SELECT VERSION()")
     puts "Server version: " + row[0]
rescue DBI::DatabaseError => e   
     puts "Error code:    #{e.err}"
ensure
     # 断开与服务器的连接
     dbh.disconnect if dbh
end

3、CRUD

do 方法
dbh.do("INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(*) VALUES ('Mac', 'Mohan')")
dbh.commit
prepare 和 execute 方法
sth = dbh.prepare("INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(*) VALUES (?, ?)")
sth.execute('John', 'Poul')
sth.execute('Zara', 'Ali')
sth.finish
dbh.commit

Ruby CGI 编程
1、配置Web服务器支持CGI。
2、编写 CGI 脚本。/test.cgi?FirstName=Liang

require 'cgi'
cgi = CGI.new
FirstName=cgi['FirstName']
puts cgi.header
puts "<html><body>#{FirstName}</body></html>"

Ruby 发送邮件

require 'net/smtp'
message = <<MESSAGE_END
From: xxx
To: xxx
Subject: title
content
MESSAGE_END
Net::SMTP.start('localhost') do |smtp|
  smtp.send_message message, 'from','to'
end

Ruby Socket 编程

简单的客户端
require 'socket'      # Sockets 是标准库
hostname = 'localhost'
port = 2000
s = TCPSocket.open(hostname, port)
while line = s.gets   # 从 socket 中读取每行数据
  puts line.chop      # 打印到终端
end
s.close               # 关闭 socket 
简单的服务端
require 'socket'               # 获取socket标准库
server = TCPServer.open(2000)  # Socket 监听端口为 2000
loop {                         # 永久运行服务
  client = server.accept       # 等待客户端连接
  client.puts(Time.now.ctime)  # 发送时间到客户端
  client.puts "Bye!"
  client.close                 # 关闭客户端连接
}

Ruby XML, XSLT 和 XPath
Ruby Web Services
Ruby 多线程
Ruby JSON 编码和解码 JSON 对象
Ruby RubyGems 包管理器
Ruby on Rails 是一个可以使你开发，部署，维护 web 应用程序变得简单的框架。