Android群英传知识点回顾——第四章：ListView常用优化技巧

最新推荐文章于 2019-02-27 16:44:15 发布

许英俊潇洒

最新推荐文章于 2019-02-27 16:44:15 发布

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分类专栏： Android群英传知识点回顾文章标签： android android群英传知识点回顾

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30379689/article/details/52757538

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Android群英传知识点回顾——第四章：ListView常用优化技巧

知识点目录

4.1 ListView常用优化技巧

4.1.1 使用ViewHolder模式提高效率
4.1.2 设置项目间分割线
4.1.3 隐藏ListView的滚动条
4.1.4 取消ListView的Item点击效果
4.1.5 设置ListView需要显示在第几项
4.1.6 动态修改ListView
4.1.7 遍历ListView中的所有Item
4.1.8 处理空ListView
4.1.9 ListView滑动监听
4.2 ListView常用拓展

4.2.1 具有弹性的ListView
4.2.2 自动显示、隐藏布局的ListView
4.2.3 聊天ListView
4.2.4 动态改变ListView布局

知识点回顾

4.1 ListView常用优化技巧

无知识点

4.1.1 使用ViewHolder模式提高效率

ViewHolder模式充分利用了ListView的视图缓存机制，避免了每次在调用getView()的时候都去通过findViewById()实例化控件。据测试，使用ViewHolder将提高50%以上的效率

public class ViewHolderAdapter extends BaseAdapter{

    private List<String> mData;
    private LayoutInflater mInflater;

    public ViewHolderAdapter(Context context, List<String> mData) {
        this.mData = mData;
        mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mData.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return mData.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder holder = null;
        //判断是否有缓存
        if (convertView == null) {
            holder = new ViewHolder();
            //通过LayoutInflater实例化布局
            convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.viewholder_item, null);
            holder.img = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.imageView);
            holder.title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.textView);
            convertView.setTag(holder);
        } else {
            //通过tag找到缓存的布局
            holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }
        //设置布局中控件要显示的视图
        holder.img.setBackgroundResource(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
        holder.title.setText(mData.get(position));
        return convertView;
    }

    public final class ViewHolder {
        public ImageView img;
        public TextView title;
    }
}

4.1.2 设置项目间分割线

设置有颜色和有厚度的分割线

android:dividerHeight="10dp"
android:divider="@android:color/darker_gray"

设置无分割线

android:divider="@null"

4.1.3 隐藏ListView滚动条

android:scrollbars="none"

4.1.4 取消ListView的Item点击效果

android:listSelector="@android:color/transparent"

4.1.5 设置ListView需要显示在第几项

自然的滑动到第几项

listview.setSelection(N);

瞬间的滑动到第几项

listview.smoothScrollBy(distance,duration);
listview.smoothScrollByOffset(offset);
listview.smoothScrollToPosition(index);

4.1.6 动态修改ListView

当数据发生变化时，可以使用notifyDataSetChanged()来刷新ListView，但是必须保证使用这个方法传进Adapter的数据List是同一个List而不能是其他对象

mData.add("new");
mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

4.1.7 遍历ListView中的所有Item

for (int i = 0; i < mListview.getChildCount();i++){
     View view = mListview.getChildAt(i);
}

4.1.8 处理空ListView

在开发中，会遇到ListView为空的时候，比如：购物车在没有添加物品时，需要显示该购物车没有任何物品的View，这个时候也就是ListView数据为空的时候，ListView为我们提供好了方法

在存在ListView的FrameLayout中，添加一个ImageView，作为空ListView时显示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/empty_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</FrameLayout>

在Activity中实现ListView空数据时显示布局

ListView listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listview);
listview.setEmptyView(findViewById(R.id.tv_null));

4.1.9 ListView滑动监听

onTouchListener：

MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN：触摸时操作
MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE：移动时操作
MotionEvent.ACTION_UP：离开时操作

mListview.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
    @Override
    public boolean onTouch(View view, MotionEvent motionEvent) {
        switch (motionEvent.getAction()) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                //触摸时操作
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                //移动时操作
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                //离开时操作
                break;
        }
        return false;
    }
});

onScrollListener和onScroll：

OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE：滑动停止时
OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_TOUCH_SCROLL：正在滚动
OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_FLING：手指抛动时

mListview.setOnScrollListener(new OnScrollListener() {
    @Override
    public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {
                       switch (scrollState) {
            case OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE:
                //滚动停止
                break;
            case OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_TOUCH_SCROLL:
                //正在滚动
                break;
            case OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_FLING:
                //手指抛动时
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) {
        //滚动的时候一直在调用
    }
});

onScroll参数：

firstVisibleItem：当前能看见的第一个Item的ID
visibleItemCount：当前能看见的Item总数
totalItemCount：整个ListView的Item总数

利用onScroll方法的参数可以判断滚动到最后一行：

if(firstVisibleItem + visibleItemCount == totalItemCount && totalItemCount>0){
     //滚动到最后一行
}

判断上滑和下滑：

if(firstVisibleItem > LastVisibleItemPosition){
    //上滑
}else if(firstVisibleItem < LastVisibleItemPosition){
    //下滑
}
LastVisibleItemPosition = firstVisibleItem;

ListView也给我们提供封装好的方法获得当前可视的Item位置等信息：

//获取可视区域内最后一个item的id
mListview.getLastVisiblePosition();
//获取可视区域内第一个item的id
mListview.getFirstVisiblePosition();

4.2 ListView常用拓展

4.2.1 具有弹性的ListView

弹性的ListView……见经典代码回顾案例一

4.2.2 自动显示、隐藏布局的ListView

自动显示、隐藏布局的ListView……见经典代码回顾案例二

4.2.3 聊天ListView

聊天ListView……见经典代码回顾案例三

4.2.4 动态改变ListView布局

动态改变ListView布局……见经典代码回顾案例四

经典代码回顾

案例一：弹性的ListView

这个案例测试了好久，跟书本源码一样效果还是没出来，具体原因还不清楚

public class TanXingListView extends ListView {

    private int mMaxOverDistance;

    public TanXingListView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        DisplayMetrics metrics = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
        float density = metrics.density;
        mMaxOverDistance = (int) (density * mMaxOverDistance);
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean overScrollBy(int deltaX, int deltaY, int scrollX, int scrollY, int scrollRangeX, int scrollRangeY, int maxOverScrollX, int maxOverScrollY, boolean isTouchEvent) {
        return super.overScrollBy(deltaX, deltaY, scrollX, scrollY, scrollRangeX, scrollRangeY, mMaxOverDistance, maxOverScrollY, isTouchEvent);
    }
}

案例二：自动显示、隐藏布局的ListView

由于书本上的案例比较模糊，实现了很久才做出效果，可能与作者的实现方法大同小异，不过条条道路通罗马

public class ShowAndHideListViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private int mTouchSlop;
    private ObjectAnimator mAnimator;
    private Toolbar mToolBar;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_show_and_hide_list_view);
        //添加头部
        mToolBar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(mToolBar);
        //填充布局
        ListView mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
        String[] str = new String[]{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"};
        mListView.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.list_item, R.id.tv, str));
        //添加头布局，防止第一条数据被遮盖
        View header = new View(this);
        header.setLayoutParams(new AbsListView.LayoutParams(AbsListView.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
                (int) getResources().getDimension(android.support.v7.
                        appcompat.R.dimen.abc_action_bar_default_height_material)));
        mListView.addHeaderView(header);
        //获得TouchSlop
        mTouchSlop = ViewConfiguration.get(this).getScaledTouchSlop();
        //设置监听
        mListView.setOnTouchListener(myTouchListener);
    }

    View.OnTouchListener myTouchListener = new View.OnTouchListener() {

        public boolean mShow;
        public int direction;
        public float mCurrentY;
        public float mFirstY;

        @Override
        public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
            switch (event.getAction()) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    mFirstY = event.getY();
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                    mCurrentY = event.getY();
                    if (mCurrentY - mFirstY > mTouchSlop) {
                        direction = 0;//down
                    } else if (mFirstY - mCurrentY > mTouchSlop) {
                        direction = 1;//up
                    }
                    if (direction == 1) {
                        if (mShow) {
                            toolBarAnim(0);//hide
                            mShow = !mShow;
                        }
                    } else if (direction == 0) {
                        if (!mShow) {
                            toolBarAnim(1);//up
                            mShow = !mShow;
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

                    break;
            }
            return false;
        }
    };

    private void toolBarAnim(int flag) {
        if (mAnimator != null && mAnimator.isRunning()) {
            mAnimator.cancel();
        }
        if (flag == 0) {
            //up:hide
            mAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mToolBar, "translationY", -mToolBar.getHeight());
        } else {
            //down:show
            mAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mToolBar, "translationY", -mToolBar.getHeight(),0);
        }
        mAnimator.start();
    }

}

布局文件的编写，记得将theme设置为NoActionBar

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
        android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"/>

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</RelativeLayout>

效果图

案例三：聊天ListView

实现这个效果比较重要的步骤就是左右布局的填充

左布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/left_icon"
        android:layout_width="50dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_left"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:padding="30dp" />

</LinearLayout>

右布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_right"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:padding="30dp" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/right_icon"
        android:layout_width="50dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp" />
</LinearLayout>

聊天的实体类

public class ChatItemListViewBean {

    private int type;
    private String text;
    private Bitmap icon;

    public int getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(int type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getText() {
        return text;
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
        this.text = text;
    }

    public Bitmap getIcon() {
        return icon;
    }

    public void setIcon(Bitmap icon) {
        this.icon = icon;
    }
}

比较关键的就是Adapter的getItemViewType()方法和getViewTypeCount()方法

public class ChatListViewAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    private List<ChatItemListViewBean> mData;
    private LayoutInflater mInflater;

    public ChatListViewAdapter(Context context, List<ChatItemListViewBean> mData) {
        this.mData = mData;
        mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mData.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return mData.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            if (getItemViewType(position) == 0) {
                viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.left_item, null);
                viewHolder.icon = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.left_icon);
                viewHolder.text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_left);
            } else {
                viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.right_item, null);
                viewHolder.icon = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.right_icon);
                viewHolder.text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_right);
            }
            convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
        } else {
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }

        viewHolder.icon.setImageBitmap(mData.get(position).getIcon());
        viewHolder.text.setText(mData.get(position).getText());

        return convertView;
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemViewType(int position) {
        ChatItemListViewBean bean = mData.get(position);
        return bean.getType();
    }

    @Override
    public int getViewTypeCount() {
        return 2;
    }

    public final class ViewHolder {
        public ImageView icon;
        public TextView text;
    }
}

在主Activity中实现我们的效果

public class ChatListViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView mListView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_chat_list_view);

        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_chat);
        ChatItemListViewBean bean1 = new ChatItemListViewBean();
        bean1.setType(0);
        bean1.setIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher));
        bean1.setText("hello how are you?");

        ChatItemListViewBean bean2 = new ChatItemListViewBean();
        bean2.setType(1);
        bean2.setIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher));
        bean2.setText("find thank you ,and you?");

        List<ChatItemListViewBean> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add(bean1);
        data.add(bean2);

        ChatListViewAdapter adapter = new ChatListViewAdapter(this, data);
        mListView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

效果图

案例四：动态改变ListView布局

public class DongTaiListViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private DongTaiListViewAdapter adapter;
    private List<String> list;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_dong_tai_list_view);

        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_dongtai);
        list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("item1");
        list.add("item2");
        list.add("item3");
        list.add("item4");
        adapter = new DongTaiListViewAdapter(this, list);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                adapter.setCurrentItem(position);
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        });
    }
}

public class DongTaiListViewAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    private List<String> list;
    private Context mContext;
    private int mCurrentItem=0;

    public DongTaiListViewAdapter(Context context, List<String> list) {
        this.list = list;
        this.mContext = context;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return list.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return list.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(mContext);
        layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
        if (mCurrentItem == position) {
            layout.addView(addFocusView(position));
        } else {
            layout.addView(addNormalView(position));
        }
        return layout;
    }

    private View addFocusView(int i) {
        ImageView iv = new ImageView(mContext);
        iv.setImageResource(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
        return iv;
    }

    private View addNormalView(int i) {
        LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(mContext);
        layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.HORIZONTAL);
        ImageView iv = new ImageView(mContext);
        iv.setImageResource(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
        layout.addView(iv, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
        TextView tv = new TextView(mContext);
        tv.setText(list.get(i));
        layout.addView(tv, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
        layout.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        return layout;
    }

    public void setCurrentItem(int position) {
        mCurrentItem = position;
    }
}

效果图

经典回顾源码下载

github：https://github.com/CSDNHensen/QunYingZhuang

许英俊潇洒

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Android群英传知识点回顾——第四章：ListView常用优化技巧

Android群英传知识点回顾——第四章：ListView常用优化技巧知识点目录 4.1 ListView常用优化技巧 4.1.1 使用ViewHolder模式提高效率 4.1.2 设置项目间分割线 4.1.3 隐藏ListView的滚动条 4.1.4 取消ListView的Item点击效果 4.1.5 设置ListView需要显示在第几项 4.1.6 动态修改L
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