初始Custom View的构造函数
之前写过一篇实现圆形进度条的博客（自定义圆形进度条),通常我们在实现Custom View的时候,都会先继承View并实现View的三个构造函数,例如:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.content.Context;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.graphics.Canvas;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.util.AttributeSet;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.view.View;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">View</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
* 第一个构造函数
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>(context, <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
* 第二个构造函数
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>(context, attrs, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
* 第三个构造函数
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> defStyle) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(context, attrs, defStyle);
<span class="hljs-comment">// TODO:获取自定义属性</span>
}
<span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onDraw</span>(Canvas canvas) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>.onDraw(canvas);
}
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li></ul>
网上有很多关于三个构造函数使用时机的说法,但是说法正确的却没有几家,这里正式的给大家科普一下:
- 在代码中直接new一个Custom View实例的时候,会调用第一个构造函数.这个没有任何争议.
- 在xml布局文件中调用Custom View的时候,会调用第二个构造函数.这个也没有争议.
- 在xml布局文件中调用Custom View,并且Custom View标签中还有自定义属性时,这里调用的还是第二个构造函数.
也就是说,系统默认只会调用Custom View的前两个构造函数,至于第三个构造函数的调用,通常是我们自己在构造函数中主动调用的（例如,在第二个构造函数中调用第三个构造函数）.
至于自定义属性的获取,通常是在构造函数中通过obtainStyledAttributes函数实现的.这里先介绍一下如何生成Custom View的自定义属性.
生成Custom View的自定义属性
Custom View添加自定义属性主要是通过declare-styleable标签为其配置自定义属性,具体做法是: 在res/values/目录下增加一个resources xml文件,示例如下(res/values/attrs_my_custom_view.xml):
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">resources</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">declare-styleable</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"MyCustomView"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"custom_attr1"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"custom_attr2"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"custom_attr3"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"custom_attr4"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">declare-styleable</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"custom_attr5"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">resources</span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul>
在上述xml文件中,我们声明了一个自定义属性集MyCustomView,其中包含了custom_attr1,custom_att2,custom_attr3,custom_attr4四个属性.同时,我们还声明了一个独立的属性custom_attr5.
所有resources文件中声明的属性都会在R.attr类中生成对应的成员变量:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">R</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">attr</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> custom_attr1=<span class="hljs-number">0x7f010038</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> custom_attr2=<span class="hljs-number">0x7f010039</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> custom_attr3=<span class="hljs-number">0x7f01003a</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> custom_attr4=<span class="hljs-number">0x7f01003b</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> custom_attr5=<span class="hljs-number">0x7f010000</span>;
}
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul>
但是声明在标签中的属性,系统还会在R.styleable类中生成相关的成员变量:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">styleable</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>[] MyCustomView = {
<span class="hljs-number">0x7f010038</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0x7f010039</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0x7f01003a</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0x7f01003b</span>
};
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> MyCustomView_custom_attr1 = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> MyCustomView_custom_attr2 = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> MyCustomView_custom_attr3 = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> MyCustomView_custom_attr4 = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul>
可以看出,R.styleable.MyCustomView是一个数组,其中的元素值恰好就是R.attr.custom_attr1～R.attr.custom_attr4的值.而下面的MyCustomView_custom_attr1～MyCustomView_custom_attr4正好就是其对应的索引.
知道了这些之后,我们就可以来学习一下,如何在Custom View的构造函数中获取自定义属性的值了.
在Custom View的构造函数中获取自定义属性
在第三个构造函数中获取自定义属性的代码如下:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MyCustomView);
String attr1 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr1);
String attr2 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr2);
String attr3 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr3);
String attr4 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr4);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr1="</span> + attr1);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr2="</span> + attr2);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr3="</span> + attr3);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr4="</span> + attr4);
ta.recycle();
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li></ul>
关于自定义属性的获取,我们主要是调用了context.obtainStyledAttributes这个函数,相信这个函数大家自定义View的时候都用的很熟练了.我们来看一下这个函数的源码实现:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> TypedArray <span class="hljs-title">obtainStyledAttributes</span>(AttributeSet set, @StyleableRes <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>[] attrs) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(set, attrs, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>);
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul>
通过对源码的追踪,我们发现context的两个参数的obtainStyledAttributes方法最终是调用了Theme的4个参数的obtainStyledAttributes方法.我们来看一下这个函数的源码实现:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> TypedArray <span class="hljs-title">obtainStyledAttributes</span>(AttributeSet set,
@StyleableRes <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>[] attrs, @AttrRes <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr, @StyleRes <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> defStyleRes) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> len = attrs.length;
<span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> TypedArray array = TypedArray.obtain(Resources.<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>, len);
<span class="hljs-comment">// XXX note that for now we only work with compiled XML files.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// To support generic XML files we will need to manually parse</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// out the attributes from the XML file (applying type information</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// contained in the resources and such).</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> XmlBlock.Parser parser = (XmlBlock.Parser)set;
AssetManager.applyStyle(mTheme, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes,
parser != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> ? parser.mParseState : <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, attrs, array.mData, array.mIndices);
array.mTheme = <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>;
array.mXml = parser;
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>[] data = array.mData;
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"Attributes:"</span>);
String s = <span class="hljs-string">" Attrs:"</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i;
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (i=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i<set.getAttributeCount(); i++) {
s = s + <span class="hljs-string">" "</span> + set.getAttributeName(i);
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> id = set.getAttributeNameResource(i);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (id != <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
s = s + <span class="hljs-string">"(0x"</span> + Integer.toHexString(id) + <span class="hljs-string">")"</span>;
}
s = s + <span class="hljs-string">"="</span> + set.getAttributeValue(i);
}
System.out.println(s);
s = <span class="hljs-string">" Found:"</span>;
TypedValue value = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> TypedValue();
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (i=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i<attrs.length; i++) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> d = i*AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES;
value.type = data[d+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE];
value.data = data[d+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA];
value.assetCookie = data[d+AssetManager.STYLE_ASSET_COOKIE];
value.resourceId = data[d+AssetManager.STYLE_RESOURCE_ID];
s = s + <span class="hljs-string">" 0x"</span> + Integer.toHexString(attrs[i])
+ <span class="hljs-string">"="</span> + value;
}
System.out.println(s);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> array;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li></ul>
这里就不做过多的源码讲解,而是把这四个参数的含义解释给大家:
- AttributeSet set: 属性值的集合.
- int[] attrs: 我们自定义属性集合在R类中生成的int型数组.这个数组中包含了自定义属性的资源ID.
- int defStyleAttr: 这是当前Theme中的包含的一个指向style的引用.当我们没有给自定义View设置declare-styleable资源集合时,默认从这个集合里面查找布局文件中配置属性值.传入0表示不像该defStyleAttr中查找默认值.
- int defStyleRes: 这个也是一个指向Style的资源ID,但是仅在defStyleAttr为0或者defStyleAttr不为0但Theme中没有为defStyleAttr属性赋值时起作用.
由于一个属性可以在很多地方对其进行赋值,包括: XML布局文件中、decalare-styleable、theme中等,它们之间是有优先级次序的,按照优先级从高到低排序如下:
属性赋值优先级次序表:
在布局xml中直接定义 > 在布局xml中通过style定义 > 自定义View所在的Activity的Theme中指定style引用 > 构造函数中defStyleRes指定的默认值
为了让大家有更清楚更直观的了解,再接下来设置自定义属性的章节中,我将对custom_attr1～4这4个属性分别在上述四个地方进行定义,然后在Custom View的构造函数中获取它的值,从而看一下,优先级顺序是否和我们预期的一样.
设置自定义属性值
以下的第几个参数均是针对Resources.Theme类的obtainStyledAttributes四参数构造方法来说明的.
第二个参数——在布局xml文件中为属性赋值
在设置自定义属性之前,我们首先要在主Activity的布局文件中调用我们的Custom View,并且为其设置特定的属性.
主布局文件内容如下:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">FrameLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">xmlns:custom</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"@+id/container"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"match_parent"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"match_parent"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">com.kevintan.eventbussample.view.MyCustomView
</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"@+id/id_custom_view"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"400dp"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"400dp"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">custom:custom_attr1</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"attr1_xml"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">style</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"@style/TestCustomView"</span>/></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">FrameLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul>
示例结果:
<code class="language-text hljs mathematica has-numbering"><span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr1=attr1_xml <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr2=null <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr3=null <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr4=null</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul>
注意:
在给自定义属性赋值时,首先需要增加自定义属性的命名空间,例如: xmlns:custom=”http://schemas.Android.com/apk/res-auto”,Android Studio推荐使用res-auto,在Eclipse中需要使用Custom View所在的包名: xmlns:cv=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/com.kevintan.eventbussample.view”
这里,在布局文件中我们为custom_attr1赋值为: attr1_xml.自定义View中获取该属性值对应了getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes方法中的第二个参数@StyleableRes int[] attrs
第二个参数——在style中为属性赋值
其次,自定义属性还可以在Style中进行赋值.
首先,我们在xml布局文件中还为MyCustomView增加一个自定义的style,style代码如下:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"TestCustomView"</span>></span><span class="css">
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr1</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr1_style</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr2</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr2_style</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul>
然后,我们修改布局文件,增加style字段:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">FrameLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">xmlns:custom</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"@+id/container"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"match_parent"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"match_parent"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">com.kevintan.eventbussample.view.MyCustomView
</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"@+id/id_custom_view"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"400dp"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"400dp"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">custom:custom_attr1</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"attr1_xml"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">style</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"@style/TestCustomView"</span>/></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">FrameLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul>
示例结果:
<code class="language-text hljs mathematica has-numbering"><span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr1=attr1_xml <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr2=attr2_style <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr3=null <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr4=null</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul>
这里我们再次对custom_attr1属性进行了赋值,同时我们对custom_attr2也进行了赋值.
小提示:
聪明的同学肯定都猜到我这样赋值的作用了,但是还是要简述一下:
对于custom_attr1,我们在xml布局文件、style、defStyle和theme中均进行赋值,那最终得到的结果必然能证实谁的优先级最高.
对于custom_attr2,我们在style、defStyle和theme中进行赋值,通过得到的结果我们能知道谁的优先级第二高.
对于custom_attr3和custom_attr4的赋值情况我就不多解释了,我相信大家都懂得！！
同时,还需要大家注意的是,只要是layout布局文件中,无论是通过namespace直接为属性赋值,还是通过style为属性赋值,在构造函数获取时都对应了getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes方法中的第二个参数@StyleableRes int[] attrs
第三个参数defStyleAttr
这个参数的意思是:
- 原文: An attribute in the current theme that contains areference to a style resource that supplies defaults values for the TypedArray. Can be 0 to not look for defaults.
- 翻译: 这是当前Theme中的包含的一个指向style的引用.当我们没有给自定义View设置declare-styleable资源集合时,默认从这个集合里面查找布局文件中配置属性值.传入0表示不向该defStyleAttr中查找默认值.
为了测试该参数的作用和优先级,我们需要进行如下操作.
首先, 我们先声明一个refrence格式的属性, 用于表示style的引用.声明在之前的res/values/attrs_my_custom_view.xml文件里即可:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"MyCustomViewDefStyleAttr"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"reference"</span>/></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul>
然后,需要到AndroidManifest.xml中查看包含该自定义View的Activity所使用的主题是:
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">activity
</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.kevintan.eventbussample.MainActivity"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:theme</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"@style/AppTheme"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute">android:label</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"@string/app_name"</span> ></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">intent-filter</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"android.intent.action.MAIN"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">category</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">intent-filter</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">activity</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul>
最后,在style.xml中的AppTheme主题下增加MyCustomViewDefStyleAttr的引用实现.
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"AppTheme"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">parent</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"android:Theme.Holo.Light.DarkActionBar"</span>></span><span class="css">
<!<span class="hljs-tag">--</span> <span class="hljs-tag">Customize</span> <span class="hljs-tag">your</span> <span class="hljs-tag">theme</span> <span class="hljs-tag">here</span>. <span class="hljs-tag">--</span>>
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">MyCustomViewDefStyleAttr</span>"><span class="hljs-at_rule">@<span class="hljs-keyword">style/MyCustomViewDefStyleAttrImpl</item></span>
</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">style</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"MyCustomViewDefStyleAttrImpl"</span>></span><span class="css">
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr1</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr1_defStyleAttr</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr2</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr2_defStyleAttr</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr3</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr3_defStyleAttr</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li></ul>
代码验证,记住如果要使用obtainStyledAttributes方法的第三个参数, 就需要在第三个构造函数中显示的调用getTheme()的obtainStyledAttributes方法.
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
<span class="hljs-comment">// 为defStyleAttr进行赋值</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>(context, attrs, R.attr.MyCustomViewDefStyleAttr);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
TypedArray ta = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MyCustomView, defStyleAttr, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>);
String attr1 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr1);
String attr2 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr2);
String attr3 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr3);
String attr4 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr4);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr1="</span> + attr1);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr2="</span> + attr2);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr3="</span> + attr3);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr4="</span> + attr4);
ta.recycle();
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li></ul>
代码中,有两点需要大家注意:
- 我在第二个构造参数中已经对defStyleAttr进行了赋值,第三个构造参数直接使用传入参数即可.
- 第三个构造参数中,我使用了getTheme()的obtainStyledAttributes方法来代替context的2个参数的obtainStyledAttributes构造方法.
示例结果:
<code class="language-text hljs mathematica has-numbering"><span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr1=attr1_xml <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr2=attr2_style <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr3=attr3_defStyleAttr <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number">56.542</span> <span class="hljs-number">23575</span>-<span class="hljs-number">23575</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr4=null</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul>
从结果可以看出,在主题中指定style引用的优先级是低于在xml中直接赋值和使用style字段的.
同时,我们还需要了解一点:
在Android系统中的控件,很多都在构造参数中使用了第三个参数,例如Button.这样做的好处是: 当我们切换不同的主题时,Button的样式也能随之进行改变.
第四个参数——通过defStyleRes为属性赋值
这个参数的意思是:
- 原文: A resource identifier of a style resource that supplies default values for the TypedArray, used only if defStyleAttr is 0 or can not be found in the theme. Can be 0 to not look for defaults.
- 翻译: 这是一个指向Style的资源ID,但是仅在defStyleAttr为0或者defStyleAttr不为0但Theme中没有为defStyleAttr属性赋值时起作用.
通过翻译,我们可以明确两点:
- defStyleRes: 指向一个style引用.
- defStyleRes的优先级低于defStyleAttr.
为了验证,我们先在theme.xml文件中定义一个style:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"MyCustomViewDefStyleRes"</span>></span><span class="css">
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr1</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr1_defStyleRes</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr2</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr2_defStyleRes</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr3</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr3_defStyleRes</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
<<span class="hljs-tag">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag">custom_attr4</span>"><span class="hljs-tag">attr4_defStyleRes</span></<span class="hljs-tag">item</span>>
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">style</span>></span></code>
然后,我们在自定义View的第三个构造函数中的obtainStyledAttributes函数中进行赋值,具体方法如下:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>(context, attrs, R.attr.MyCustomViewDefStyleAttr);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 为defStyleRes进行赋值</span>
TypedArray ta = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MyCustomView, defStyleAttr, R.style.MyCustomViewDefStyleRes);
String attr1 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr1);
String attr2 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr2);
String attr3 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr3);
String attr4 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr4);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr1="</span> + attr1);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr2="</span> + attr2);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr3="</span> + attr3);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr4="</span> + attr4);
ta.recycle();
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul>
测试结果:
<code class="language-text hljs mathematica has-numbering"><span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">44</span>:<span class="hljs-number">09.282</span> <span class="hljs-number">3137</span>-<span class="hljs-number">3137</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr1=attr1_xml <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">44</span>:<span class="hljs-number">09.282</span> <span class="hljs-number">3137</span>-<span class="hljs-number">3137</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr2=attr2_style <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">44</span>:<span class="hljs-number">09.282</span> <span class="hljs-number">3137</span>-<span class="hljs-number">3137</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr3=attr3_defStyleAttr <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">44</span>:<span class="hljs-number">09.282</span> <span class="hljs-number">3137</span>-<span class="hljs-number">3137</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr4=null</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>4</li></ul>
重点:
如果大家认真的看实验结果,肯定会被上面的结果感到奇怪,明明指定了defStyleRes,为什么attr4的值还是null？
是因为之前讲过defStyleRes的使用优先级:只有当defStyleAttr为0或者当前Theme中没有给defStyleAttr属性赋值时才起作用.
所以,这里我们需要修改构造函数,将defStyleAttr设置为0.
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
<span class="hljs-comment">// 为了验证defStyleRes的作用,将defStyleAttr设置为0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>(context, attrs, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
TypedArray ta = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MyCustomView, defStyleAttr, R.style.MyCustomViewDefStyleRes);
String attr1 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr1);
String attr2 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr2);
String attr3 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr3);
String attr4 = ta.getString(R.styleable.MyCustomView_custom_attr4);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr1="</span> + attr1);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr2="</span> + attr2);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr3="</span> + attr3);
Log.e(<span class="hljs-string">"customview"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attr4="</span> + attr4);
ta.recycle();
}</code>
最终结果:
<code class="language-text hljs mathematica has-numbering"><span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">49</span>:<span class="hljs-number">03.707</span> <span class="hljs-number">5772</span>-<span class="hljs-number">5772</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr1=attr1_xml <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">49</span>:<span class="hljs-number">03.707</span> <span class="hljs-number">5772</span>-<span class="hljs-number">5772</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr2=attr2_style <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">49</span>:<span class="hljs-number">03.707</span> <span class="hljs-number">5772</span>-<span class="hljs-number">5772</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr3=attr3_defStyleRes <span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">28</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">49</span>:<span class="hljs-number">03.707</span> <span class="hljs-number">5772</span>-<span class="hljs-number">5772</span>/? <span class="hljs-keyword">E</span>/customview: attr4=attr4_defStyleRes</code>
后记
在文章结尾, 我们再次总结一下自定义属性的属性赋值优先级:
在布局xml中直接定义 > 在布局xml中通过style定义 > 自定义View所在的Activity的Theme中指定style引用 > 构造函数中defStyleRes指定的默认值
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