多线程教程（二十八）unsafe类

多线程教程（二十八）unsafe类

Unsafe 对象提供了非常底层的，操作内存、线程的方法，Unsafe 对象不能直接调用，只能通过反射获得

public class UnsafeAccessor {
    static Unsafe unsafe;
    static {
        try { 
            Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }
    static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
        return unsafe;
    }
}

1.Unsafe CAS 操作

@Data
class Student {
    volatile int id;
    volatile String name; }

Unsafe unsafe = UnsafeAccessor.getUnsafe();
Field id = Student.class.getDeclaredField("id");
Field name = Student.class.getDeclaredField("name");
// 获得成员变量的偏移量
long idOffset = UnsafeAccessor.unsafe.objectFieldOffset(id);
long nameOffset = UnsafeAccessor.unsafe.objectFieldOffset(name);
Student student = new Student();
// 使用 cas 方法替换成员变量的值
UnsafeAccessor.unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(student, idOffset, 0, 20); // 返回 true
UnsafeAccessor.unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(student, nameOffset, null, "张三"); // 返回 true
System.out.println(student);

输出

Student(id=20, name=张三)

使用自定义的 AtomicData 实现之前线程安全的原子整数 Account 实现

class AtomicData {
    private volatile int data;
    static final Unsafe unsafe;
    static final long DATA_OFFSET;
    static {
        unsafe = UnsafeAccessor.getUnsafe();
        try {
            // data 属性在 DataContainer 对象中的偏移量，用于 Unsafe 直接访问该属性
            DATA_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(AtomicData.class.getDeclaredField("data"));
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }
    public AtomicData(int data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    public void decrease(int amount) {
        int oldValue;
        while(true) {
            // 获取共享变量旧值，可以在这一行加入断点，修改 data 调试来加深理解
            oldValue = data;
            // cas 尝试修改 data 为 旧值 + amount，如果期间旧值被别的线程改了，返回 false
            if (unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, DATA_OFFSET, oldValue, oldValue - amount)) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    public int getData() {
        return data;
    }
}

Account 实现

Account.demo(new Account() {
    AtomicData atomicData = new AtomicData(10000);
    @Override
    public Integer getBalance() {
        return atomicData.getData();
    }
    @Override
    public void withdraw(Integer amount) {
        atomicData.decrease(amount);
    }
});