Spring如何在多线程下保持事务的一致性

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已于 2023-11-26 19:37:51 修改

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分类专栏： spring boot 文章标签： spring boot

于 2023-11-26 19:05:54 首次发布

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Spring如何在多线程下保持事务的一致性

方法：每个线程都开启各自的事务去执行相关业务，等待所有线程的业务执行完成，统一提交或回滚。

下面我们通过具体的案例来演示Spring如何在多线程下保持事务的一致性。

1、项目结构

在这里插入图片描述

2、数据库SQL

CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

3、pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.6</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>Transaction</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Transaction</name>
    <description>Transaction</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

4、配置文件

spring.datasource.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

5、实体类

package com.example.transaction.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author tom
 */
public class Student implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private int id;
    private String name;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Student(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

6、Mapper

package com.example.transaction.mapper;

import com.example.transaction.model.Student;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author tom
 */
@Component
public interface StudentMapper {

    /**
     * 插入student
     * @param student
     */
    @Insert("insert into student(name) VALUES(#{name})")
    void insert(Student student);
}

7、数据源配置

package com.example.transaction.config;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * @author tom
 */
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.example.transaction.mapper")
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    @Bean
    public DataSource getDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceTransactionManager getTransactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

}

8、测试

package com.example.transaction;

import com.example.transaction.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.example.transaction.model.Student;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class TransactionApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        studentMapper.insert(new Student("John"));
    }

}

我们先进行测试，看数据库是否可以正常插入，执行完的结果：

id	name
1	John

9、线程池

package com.example.transaction.config;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @author tom
 */
public class ExecutorConfig {

    private final static int MAX_POOL_SIZE = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    private final static int QUEUE_SIZE = 500;
    private volatile static ExecutorService executorService;

    public static ExecutorService getThreadPool() {
        if (executorService == null) {
            synchronized (ExecutorConfig.class) {
                if (executorService == null) {
                    executorService = newThreadPool();
                }
            }
        }
        return executorService;
    }

    private static ExecutorService newThreadPool() {
        int corePool = Math.min(5, MAX_POOL_SIZE);
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePool, MAX_POOL_SIZE, 10000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(QUEUE_SIZE), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
    }

    private ExecutorConfig() {
    }
}

10、多线程事务管理

package com.example.transaction.service;

import com.example.transaction.config.ExecutorConfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

/**
 * @author tom
 */
@Service
public class MultiThreadingTransactionManager {

    /**
     * 数据源事务管理器
     */
    private DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager;

    @Autowired
    public void setUserService(DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager) {
        this.dataSourceTransactionManager = dataSourceTransactionManager;
    }

    /**
     * 用于判断子线程业务是否处理完成
     * 处理完成时threadCountDownLatch的值为0
     */
    private CountDownLatch threadCountDownLatch;

    /**
     * 用于等待子线程全部完成后,子线程统一进行提交和回滚
     * 进行提交和回滚时mainCountDownLatch的值为0
     */
    private final CountDownLatch mainCountDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);

    /**
     * 是否提交事务,默认是true,当子线程有异常发生时,设置为false,回滚事务
     */
    private final AtomicBoolean isSubmit = new AtomicBoolean(true);

    public boolean execute(List<Runnable> runnableList) {
        // 超时时间
        long timeout = 30;
        setThreadCountDownLatch(runnableList.size());
        ExecutorService executorService = ExecutorConfig.getThreadPool();
        runnableList.forEach(runnable -> executorService.execute(() -> executeThread(runnable, threadCountDownLatch, mainCountDownLatch, isSubmit)));
        // 等待子线程全部执行完毕
        try {
            // 若计数器变为零了,则返回 true
            boolean isFinish = threadCountDownLatch.await(timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            if (!isFinish) {
                // 如果还有为执行完成的就回滚
                isSubmit.set(false);
                System.out.println("存在子线程在预期时间内未执行完毕,任务将全部回滚");
            }
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("主线程发生异常,异常为: " + exception.getMessage());
        } finally {
            // 计数器减1,代表该主线程执行完毕
            mainCountDownLatch.countDown();
        }
        // 返回结果,是否执行成功,事务提交即为执行成功,事务回滚即为执行失败
        return isSubmit.get();
    }

    private void executeThread(Runnable runnable, CountDownLatch threadCountDownLatch, CountDownLatch mainCountDownLatch, AtomicBoolean isSubmit) {
        System.out.println("子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
        // 判断别的子线程是否已经出现错误,错误别的线程已经出现错误,那么所有的都要回滚,这个子线程就没有必要执行了
        if (!isSubmit.get()) {
            System.out.println("整个事务中有子线程执行失败需要回滚, 子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] 终止执行");
            // 计数器减1,代表该子线程执行完毕
            threadCountDownLatch.countDown();
            return;
        }
        // 开启事务
        DefaultTransactionDefinition defaultTransactionDefinition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        TransactionStatus transactionStatus = dataSourceTransactionManager.getTransaction(defaultTransactionDefinition);
        try {
            // 执行业务逻辑
            runnable.run();
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            // 发生异常需要进行回滚,设置isSubmit为false
            isSubmit.set(false);
            System.out.println("子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]执行业务发生异常,异常为: " + exception.getMessage());
        } finally {
            // 计数器减1,代表该子线程执行完毕
            threadCountDownLatch.countDown();
        }
        try {
            // 等待主线程执行
            mainCountDownLatch.await();
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]等待提交或回滚异常,异常为: " + exception.getMessage());
        }
        try {
            // 提交
            if (isSubmit.get()) {
                dataSourceTransactionManager.commit(transactionStatus);
                System.out.println("子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]进行事务提交");
            } else {
                dataSourceTransactionManager.rollback(transactionStatus);
                System.out.println("子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]进行事务回滚");
            }
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]进行事务提交或回滚出现异常,异常为:" + exception.getMessage());
        }
    }

    private void setThreadCountDownLatch(int num) {
        this.threadCountDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(num);
    }

}

11、正常插入

package com.example.transaction;

import com.example.transaction.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.example.transaction.model.Student;
import com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManager;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@SpringBootTest
public class TransactionApplicationTwoTests {

    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Autowired
    private MultiThreadingTransactionManager multiThreadingTransactionManager;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.add(new Student("tom"));
        studentList.add(new Student("marry"));
        List<Runnable> runnableList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.forEach(student -> runnableList.add(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] 插入数据: " + student);
            try {
                studentMapper.insert(student);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }));
        boolean isSuccess = multiThreadingTransactionManager.execute(runnableList);
        System.out.println(isSuccess);
    }
}

日志输出：

......
子线程: [pool-1-thread-2]
子线程: [pool-1-thread-1]
2023-11-26 17:15:42.138  INFO 15736 --- [pool-1-thread-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-11-26 17:15:42.319  INFO 15736 --- [pool-1-thread-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
当前线程：[pool-1-thread-2] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@1f52ee45
当前线程：[pool-1-thread-1] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@238acf6d
true
子线程: [pool-1-thread-2]进行事务提交
子线程: [pool-1-thread-1]进行事务提交

数据库中的数据：

id	name
1	John
2	tom
3	marry

12、异常插入

package com.example.transaction;

import com.example.transaction.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.example.transaction.model.Student;
import com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManager;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@SpringBootTest
public class TransactionApplicationThreeTests {

    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Autowired
    private MultiThreadingTransactionManager multiThreadingTransactionManager;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.add(new Student("张三"));
        studentList.add(new Student("李四"));
        List<Runnable> runnableList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.forEach(student -> runnableList.add(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] 插入数据: " + student);
            try {
                studentMapper.insert(student);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }));
        runnableList.add(() -> System.out.println(1 / 0));
        boolean isSuccess = multiThreadingTransactionManager.execute(runnableList);
        System.out.println(isSuccess);
    }
}

日志输出：

......
子线程: [pool-1-thread-1]
子线程: [pool-1-thread-2]
子线程: [pool-1-thread-3]
2023-11-26 17:19:45.876  INFO 11384 --- [pool-1-thread-2] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-11-26 17:19:46.034  INFO 11384 --- [pool-1-thread-2] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
子线程: [pool-1-thread-3]执行业务发生异常,异常为: / by zero
当前线程：[pool-1-thread-1] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@6231e93c
当前线程：[pool-1-thread-2] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@74568de7
false
子线程: [pool-1-thread-3]进行事务回滚
子线程: [pool-1-thread-2]进行事务回滚

数据库中的数据：

id	name
1	John
2	tom
3	marry

从上面我们可以看出事务进行了回滚，并没有插入到数据库中。

13、在主线程中统一进行事务的提交和回滚

这里将事务的回滚放在所有子线程执行完毕之后。

package com.example.transaction.service;

import com.example.transaction.config.ExecutorConfig;
import lombok.Builder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronization;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

/**
 * @author tom
 */
@Service
public class MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo {

    /**
     * 数据源事务管理器
     */
    private DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager;

    @Autowired
    public void setUserService(DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager) {
        this.dataSourceTransactionManager = dataSourceTransactionManager;
    }

    /**
     * 用于判断子线程业务是否处理完成
     * 处理完成时threadCountDownLatch的值为0
     */
    private CountDownLatch threadCountDownLatch;

    /**
     * 是否提交事务,默认是true,当子线程有异常发生时,设置为false,回滚事务
     */
    private final AtomicBoolean isSubmit = new AtomicBoolean(true);

    public boolean execute(List<Runnable> runnableList) {
        // 超时时间
        long timeout = 30;
        List<TransactionStatus> transactionStatusList = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
        List<TransactionResource> transactionResourceList = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
        setThreadCountDownLatch(runnableList.size());
        ExecutorService executorService = ExecutorConfig.getThreadPool();
        runnableList.forEach(runnable -> executorService.execute(() -> {
            try {
                // 执行业务逻辑
                executeThread(runnable, transactionStatusList, transactionResourceList);
            } catch (Exception exception) {
                exception.printStackTrace();
                // 执行异常,需要回滚
                isSubmit.set(false);
            } finally {
                threadCountDownLatch.countDown();
            }
        }));
        // 等待子线程全部执行完毕
        try {
            // 若计数器变为零了,则返回 true
            boolean isFinish = threadCountDownLatch.await(timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            if (!isFinish) {
                // 如果还有为执行完成的就回滚
                isSubmit.set(false);
                System.out.println("存在子线程在预期时间内未执行完毕,任务将全部回滚");
            }
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            exception.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 发生了异常则进行回滚操作,否则提交
        if (isSubmit.get()) {
            System.out.println("全部事务正常提交");
            for (int i = 0; i < runnableList.size(); i++) {
                transactionResourceList.get(i).autoWiredTransactionResource();
                dataSourceTransactionManager.commit(transactionStatusList.get(i));
                transactionResourceList.get(i).removeTransactionResource();
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("发生异常,全部事务回滚");
            for (int i = 0; i < runnableList.size(); i++) {
                transactionResourceList.get(i).autoWiredTransactionResource();
                dataSourceTransactionManager.rollback(transactionStatusList.get(i));
                transactionResourceList.get(i).removeTransactionResource();
            }
        }
        // 返回结果,是否执行成功,事务提交即为执行成功,事务回滚即为执行失败
        return isSubmit.get();
    }

    private void executeThread(Runnable runnable, List<TransactionStatus> transactionStatusList, List<TransactionResource> transactionResourceList) {
        System.out.println("子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
        DefaultTransactionDefinition defaultTransactionDefinition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        TransactionStatus transactionStatus = dataSourceTransactionManager.getTransaction(defaultTransactionDefinition);
        // 开启新事务
        transactionStatusList.add(transactionStatus);
        // copy事务资源
        transactionResourceList.add(TransactionResource.copyTransactionResource());
        // 执行业务逻辑
        runnable.run();
    }

    private void setThreadCountDownLatch(int num) {
        this.threadCountDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(num);
    }

    /**
     * 保存当前事务资源,用于线程间的事务资源COPY操作
     * <p>
     * `@Builder`注解是Lombok库提供的一个注解,它可以用于自动生成Builder模式的代码,使用@Builder注解可以简化创建对象实例的过程,并且可以使代码更加清晰和易于维护
     */
    @Builder
    private static class TransactionResource {
        // TransactionSynchronizationManager类内部默认提供了下面六个ThreadLocal属性,分别保存当前线程对应的不同事务资源
        // 保存当前事务关联的资源,默认只会在新建事务的时候保存当前获取到的DataSource和当前事务对应Connection的映射关系
        // 当然这里Connection被包装为了ConnectionHolder
        // 事务结束后默认会移除集合中的DataSource作为key关联的资源记录
        private Map<Object, Object> resources;
        //下面五个属性会在事务结束后被自动清理,无需我们手动清理
        // 事务监听者,在事务执行到某个阶段的过程中,会去回调监听者对应的回调接口(典型观察者模式的应用),默认为空集合
        private Set<TransactionSynchronization> synchronizations;
        // 存放当前事务名字
        private String currentTransactionName;
        // 存放当前事务是否是只读事务
        private Boolean currentTransactionReadOnly;
        // 存放当前事务的隔离级别
        private Integer currentTransactionIsolationLevel;
        // 存放当前事务是否处于激活状态
        private Boolean actualTransactionActive;

        /**
         * 对事务资源进行复制
         *
         * @return TransactionResource
         */
        public static TransactionResource copyTransactionResource() {
            return TransactionResource.builder()
                    //返回的是不可变集合
                    .resources(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResourceMap())
                    //如果需要注册事务监听者,这里记得修改,我们这里不需要,就采用默认负责,spring事务内部默认也是这个值
                    .synchronizations(new LinkedHashSet<>()).currentTransactionName(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionName()).currentTransactionReadOnly(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()).currentTransactionIsolationLevel(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel()).actualTransactionActive(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive()).build();
        }

        /**
         * 使用
         */
        public void autoWiredTransactionResource() {
            resources.forEach(TransactionSynchronizationManager::bindResource);
            //如果需要注册事务监听者,这里记得修改,我们这里不需要,就采用默认负责,spring事务内部默认也是这个值
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(actualTransactionActive);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(currentTransactionName);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(currentTransactionIsolationLevel);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(currentTransactionReadOnly);
        }

        /**
         * 移除
         */
        public void removeTransactionResource() {
            // 事务结束后默认会移除集合中的DataSource作为key关联的资源记录
            // DataSource如果重复移除,unbindResource时会因为不存在此key关联的事务资源而报错
            resources.keySet().forEach(key -> {
                if (!(key instanceof DataSource)) {
                    TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(key);
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

13.1 正常插入

package com.example.transaction;

import com.example.transaction.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.example.transaction.model.Student;
import com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@SpringBootTest
public class TransactionApplicationFourTests {

    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Autowired
    private MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo multiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.add(new Student("tom"));
        studentList.add(new Student("marry"));
        List<Runnable> runnableList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.forEach(student -> runnableList.add(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] 插入数据: " + student);
            try {
                studentMapper.insert(student);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }));
        boolean isSuccess = multiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo.execute(runnableList);
        System.out.println(isSuccess);
    }
}

日志输出：

......
子线程: [pool-1-thread-1]
子线程: [pool-1-thread-2]
2023-11-26 18:57:13.096  INFO 4280 --- [pool-1-thread-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-11-26 18:57:13.256  INFO 4280 --- [pool-1-thread-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
当前线程：[pool-1-thread-2] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@6cf36c13
当前线程：[pool-1-thread-1] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@7fc3efd5
全部事务正常提交
true

数据库中的数据：

id	name
1	John
2	tom
3	marry
6	tom
7	marry

13.2 异常插入

package com.example.transaction;

import com.example.transaction.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.example.transaction.model.Student;
import com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManager;
import com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@SpringBootTest
public class TransactionApplicationFiveTests {

    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Autowired
    private MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo multiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.add(new Student("张三"));
        studentList.add(new Student("李四"));
        List<Runnable> runnableList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.forEach(student -> runnableList.add(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] 插入数据: " + student);
            try {
                studentMapper.insert(student);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }));
        runnableList.add(() -> System.out.println(1 / 0));
        boolean isSuccess = multiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo.execute(runnableList);
        System.out.println(isSuccess);
    }
}

日志输出：

子线程: [pool-1-thread-1]
子线程: [pool-1-thread-3]
子线程: [pool-1-thread-2]
2023-11-26 19:00:40.938  INFO 17920 --- [pool-1-thread-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-11-26 19:00:41.097  INFO 17920 --- [pool-1-thread-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
当前线程：[pool-1-thread-1] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@2f7e458
当前线程：[pool-1-thread-2] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@2b3ae8b
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.example.transaction.TransactionApplicationFiveTests.lambda$contextLoads$2(TransactionApplicationFiveTests.java:37)
	at com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo.executeThread(MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo.java:107)
	at com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo.lambda$null$0(MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo.java:57)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
发生异常,全部事务回滚
false

数据库中的数据：

id	name
1	John
2	tom
3	marry
6	tom
7	marry

14、使用CompletableFuture实现

package com.example.transaction.service;

import lombok.Builder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronization;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

/**
 * @author tom
 */
@Service
public class MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree {

    /**
     * 数据源事务管理器
     */
    private DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager;

    @Autowired
    public void setUserService(DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager) {
        this.dataSourceTransactionManager = dataSourceTransactionManager;
    }

    /**
     * 是否提交事务,默认是true,当子线程有异常发生时,设置为false,回滚事务
     */
    private final AtomicBoolean isSubmit = new AtomicBoolean(true);

    public boolean execute(List<Runnable> runnableList) {
        List<TransactionStatus> transactionStatusList = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
        List<TransactionResource> transactionResourceList = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
        List<CompletableFuture<?>> completableFutureList = new ArrayList<>(runnableList.size());
        runnableList.forEach(runnable -> completableFutureList.add(CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            try {
                // 执行业务逻辑
                executeThread(runnable, transactionStatusList, transactionResourceList);
            } catch (Exception exception) {
                exception.printStackTrace();
                // 执行异常,需要回滚
                isSubmit.set(false);
                // 终止其它还未执行的任务
                completableFutureList.forEach(completableFuture -> completableFuture.cancel(true));
            }
        })));
        // 等待子线程全部执行完毕
        try {
            // 阻塞直到所有任务全部执行结束,如果有任务被取消,这里会抛出异常,需要捕获
            CompletableFuture.allOf(completableFutureList.toArray(new CompletableFuture[]{})).get();
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            exception.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 发生了异常则进行回滚操作,否则提交
        if (!isSubmit.get()) {
            System.out.println("发生异常,全部事务回滚");
            for (int i = 0; i < runnableList.size(); i++) {
                transactionResourceList.get(i).autoWiredTransactionResource();
                dataSourceTransactionManager.rollback(transactionStatusList.get(i));
                transactionResourceList.get(i).removeTransactionResource();
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("全部事务正常提交");
            for (int i = 0; i < runnableList.size(); i++) {
                transactionResourceList.get(i).autoWiredTransactionResource();
                dataSourceTransactionManager.commit(transactionStatusList.get(i));
                transactionResourceList.get(i).removeTransactionResource();
            }
        }
        // 返回结果,是否执行成功,事务提交即为执行成功,事务回滚即为执行失败
        return isSubmit.get();
    }

    private void executeThread(Runnable runnable, List<TransactionStatus> transactionStatusList, List<TransactionResource> transactionResourceList) {
        System.out.println("子线程: [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
        DefaultTransactionDefinition defaultTransactionDefinition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        TransactionStatus transactionStatus = dataSourceTransactionManager.getTransaction(defaultTransactionDefinition);
        // 开启新事务
        transactionStatusList.add(transactionStatus);
        // copy事务资源
        transactionResourceList.add(TransactionResource.copyTransactionResource());
        // 执行业务逻辑
        runnable.run();
    }

    /**
     * 保存当前事务资源,用于线程间的事务资源COPY操作
     * <p>
     * `@Builder`注解是Lombok库提供的一个注解,它可以用于自动生成Builder模式的代码,使用@Builder注解可以简化创建对象实例的过程,并且可以使代码更加清晰和易于维护
     */
    @Builder
    private static class TransactionResource {
        // TransactionSynchronizationManager类内部默认提供了下面六个ThreadLocal属性,分别保存当前线程对应的不同事务资源
        // 保存当前事务关联的资源,默认只会在新建事务的时候保存当前获取到的DataSource和当前事务对应Connection的映射关系
        // 当然这里Connection被包装为了ConnectionHolder
        // 事务结束后默认会移除集合中的DataSource作为key关联的资源记录
        private Map<Object, Object> resources;
        //下面五个属性会在事务结束后被自动清理,无需我们手动清理
        // 事务监听者,在事务执行到某个阶段的过程中,会去回调监听者对应的回调接口(典型观察者模式的应用),默认为空集合
        private Set<TransactionSynchronization> synchronizations;
        // 存放当前事务名字
        private String currentTransactionName;
        // 存放当前事务是否是只读事务
        private Boolean currentTransactionReadOnly;
        // 存放当前事务的隔离级别
        private Integer currentTransactionIsolationLevel;
        // 存放当前事务是否处于激活状态
        private Boolean actualTransactionActive;

        /**
         * 对事务资源进行复制
         *
         * @return TransactionResource
         */
        public static TransactionResource copyTransactionResource() {
            return TransactionResource.builder()
                    //返回的是不可变集合
                    .resources(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResourceMap())
                    //如果需要注册事务监听者,这里记得修改,我们这里不需要,就采用默认负责,spring事务内部默认也是这个值
                    .synchronizations(new LinkedHashSet<>()).currentTransactionName(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionName()).currentTransactionReadOnly(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()).currentTransactionIsolationLevel(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel()).actualTransactionActive(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive()).build();
        }

        /**
         * 使用
         */
        public void autoWiredTransactionResource() {
            resources.forEach(TransactionSynchronizationManager::bindResource);
            //如果需要注册事务监听者,这里记得修改,我们这里不需要,就采用默认负责,spring事务内部默认也是这个值
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(actualTransactionActive);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(currentTransactionName);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(currentTransactionIsolationLevel);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(currentTransactionReadOnly);
        }

        /**
         * 移除
         */
        public void removeTransactionResource() {
            // 事务结束后默认会移除集合中的DataSource作为key关联的资源记录
            // DataSource如果重复移除,unbindResource时会因为不存在此key关联的事务资源而报错
            resources.keySet().forEach(key -> {
                if (!(key instanceof DataSource)) {
                    TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(key);
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

14.1 正常插入

package com.example.transaction;

import com.example.transaction.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.example.transaction.model.Student;
import com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@SpringBootTest
public class TransactionApplicationSixTests {

    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Autowired
    private MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree multiThreadingTransactionManagerThree;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.add(new Student("tom"));
        studentList.add(new Student("marry"));
        List<Runnable> runnableList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.forEach(student -> runnableList.add(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] 插入数据: " + student);
            try {
                studentMapper.insert(student);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }));
        boolean isSuccess = multiThreadingTransactionManagerThree.execute(runnableList);
        System.out.println(isSuccess);
    }
}

日志输出：

子线程: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1]
子线程: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2]
2023-11-26 19:17:00.674  INFO 12344 --- [onPool-worker-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-11-26 19:17:00.815  INFO 12344 --- [onPool-worker-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
当前线程：[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@25e1950b
当前线程：[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@57e8ff9a
全部事务正常提交
true

数据库中的数据：

id	name
1	John
2	tom
3	marry
6	tom
7	marry
10	tom
11	marry

14.2 异常插入

package com.example.transaction;

import com.example.transaction.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.example.transaction.model.Student;
import com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree;
import com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerTwo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@SpringBootTest
public class TransactionApplicationSevenTests {

    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Autowired
    private MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree multiThreadingTransactionManagerThree;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.add(new Student("张三"));
        studentList.add(new Student("李四"));
        List<Runnable> runnableList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.forEach(student -> runnableList.add(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] 插入数据: " + student);
            try {
                studentMapper.insert(student);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }));
        runnableList.add(() -> System.out.println(1 / 0));
        boolean isSuccess = multiThreadingTransactionManagerThree.execute(runnableList);
        System.out.println(isSuccess);
    }
}

输出日志：

子线程: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2]
子线程: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3]
子线程: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1]
2023-11-26 19:19:01.862  INFO 15120 --- [onPool-worker-3] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-11-26 19:19:02.016  INFO 15120 --- [onPool-worker-3] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
当前线程：[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@3155d2ee
当前线程：[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2] 插入数据: com.example.transaction.model.Student@5ff9bde5
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.example.transaction.TransactionApplicationSevenTests.lambda$contextLoads$2(TransactionApplicationSevenTests.java:37)
	at com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree.executeThread(MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree.java:90)
	at com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree.lambda$null$1(MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree.java:45)
	at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncRun.run(CompletableFuture.java:1626)
	at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncRun.exec(CompletableFuture.java:1618)
	at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
	at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056)
	at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692)
	at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:157)
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.util.concurrent.CancellationException
	at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.reportGet(CompletableFuture.java:357)
	at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.get(CompletableFuture.java:1895)
......
com.example.transaction.service.MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree.lambda$null$1(MultiThreadingTransactionManagerThree.java:51)
	at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncRun.run(CompletableFuture.java:1626)
	at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncRun.exec(CompletableFuture.java:1618)
	at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
	at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056)
	at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692)
	at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:157)
发生异常,全部事务回滚
false