四、Spring 声明队列和交换机

0、简介

Spring AMQP 提供了几个类，用来声明队列、交换机及其绑定关系：

• Queue：用于声明队列，可用工厂类 QueueBuilder 构建
• Exchange：用于声明交换机，可用工厂类 ExchangeBuilder 构建
• Binding：用于绑定关系，可用工厂类 BindingBuilder 构建

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1、基于配置类注册

1.1、Fanout

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class MyRabbitFanoutConfig {

    // Exchange 第一种：直接new
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange1(){
        return new FanoutExchange("myJavaFanout1");
    }

    // Exchange 第二种：ExchangeBuilder
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange2(){
       return (FanoutExchange)ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange("myJavaFanout2").build();
    }

    // Queue 第一种：直接new ：默认是durable
    @Bean
    public Queue queue1(){
        return new Queue("myJavaQueue1");
    }

    // Queue 第二种：QueueBuilder ：durable 持久化    nonDurable：非持久化
    @Bean
    public Queue queue2(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable("myJavaQueue2").build();
    }

    // Binding 方式一：直接传参
    @Bean
    public Binding fanoutBinding1(Queue queue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange1){
        // 直接用 BindingBuilder 方便
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue1).to(fanoutExchange1);
    }

    // Binding 方式二：直接调用 (通过Spring反向代理获取Bean)
    @Bean
    public Binding fanoutBinding2(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue2()).to(fanoutExchange2());
    }
}

1.2、Direct

每绑定一个 routingKey 就得写一个 Bean，基于配置类注册 Direct 交换机就比较麻烦。

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class MyRabbitDirectConfig {

    @Bean
    public DirectExchange directExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange("myJavaDirect");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue directQueue(){
        return new Queue("myJavaDirectQueue1");
    }

    // 每绑定一个 routingKey 就得写一个 Bean
    @Bean
    public Binding directKey1Binding(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue()).to(directExchange()).with("key1");
    }

    // 每绑定一个 routingKey 就得写一个 Bean
    @Bean
    public Binding directKey2Binding(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue()).to(directExchange()).with("key2");
    }
}

1.3、Topic

实现与 1.2、Direct 如出一辙，这里不再赘述

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2、基于 @RabbitListener 声明

Spring AMPQ 还提供了基于 @RabbitListener 注解来声明队列和交换机的方式。

@Component
public class MyMqConsumerListener {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
        value = @Queue(name = "myQueue666", durable = "true"),
        exchange = @Exchange(name = "myExchange666", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
        key = {"key1", "key2"}
    ))
    public void myInitListener(String msg) {
        System.err.println("\nmyQueue666接到了来自myExchange666的消息:" + msg);
    }
}