设备控制器的pin管脚何时进行绑定?

设备控制器的pin管脚何时进行绑定?

本文需要读者对linux设备驱动模型以及pinctrl子系统有一定的了解，同时对设备树中配置的特定控制器功能时的pin管脚状态配置了解。在设备和驱动匹配成功后的probe()函数中没有对于该控制器(uart,spi,mac等)的pin管脚绑定操作，那么绑定操作在什么地方进行的呢?

1、设备控制器pin管脚在何时被绑定?

如下所示为imx8 lpuart1的设备树节点配置信息，
lpuart1: serial@5a070000 {
    compatible = "fsl,imx8qm-lpuart";
    reg = <0x0 0x5a070000 0x0 0x1000>;
    interrupts = <GIC_SPI 346 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;
    interrupt-parent = <&wu>;
    clocks = <&clk IMX8QXP_UART1_CLK>,<&clk IMX8QXP_UART1_IPG_CLK>;
    clock-names = "per", "ipg";
    assigned-clocks = <&clk IMX8QXP_UART1_CLK>;
    assigned-clock-rates = <80000000>;
    power-domains = <&pd_dma_lpuart1>;
    dma-names = "tx","rx";
    dmas = <&edma2 11 0 0>,<&edma2 10 0 1>;
    status = "disabled";
};

&lpuart1 {
    pinctrl-names = "default";
    pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_lpuart1>;
    status = "okay";
};

&iomuxc {
    pinctrl-names = "default"; //"default"状态
    pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_hog>;//"default"状态对应的pinctrl配置
    imx8qxp-mek {
        ...
        pinctrl_lpuart1: lpuart1grp { 
            fsl,pins = <
                SC_P_UART1_TX_ADMA_UART1_TX        0x06000020
                SC_P_UART1_RX_ADMA_UART1_RX        0x06000020
            >;
        };
        ...
    };    
};
那么lpuart1使用的pin管脚的绑定设置在何时被调用呢?
答案就是,在linux设备驱动模型中设备和驱动匹配成功后调用really_probe(...)中进行控制器pin管脚的设置，具体如下:

源码:/drivers/base.dd.c

static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
    ...
re_probe:

    dev->driver = drv; /*绑定设备和设备驱动*/
    /* If using pinctrl, bind pins now before probing */
    ret = pinctrl_bind_pins**(dev); /*pinctrl,绑定控制器的pinn管脚*/
    if (ret)
        goto pinctrl_bind_failed;
    ret = dma_configure(dev); /*dma_configure,DMA配置信息*/
    if (ret)
        goto dma_failed;
    if (driver_sysfs_add(dev)) {
        printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_sysfs_add(%s) failed\n",__func__, dev_name(dev));
        goto probe_failed;
    }
    if (dev->pm_domain && dev->pm_domain->activate) {
        ret = dev->pm_domain->activate(dev);
        if (ret)
            goto probe_failed;
    }
    if (dev->bus->probe) { /*总线probe函数不存在才会调用drv->probe函数*/
        ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
        if (ret)
            goto probe_failed;
    } else if (drv->probe) {
        ret = drv->probe(dev); /*调用大名鼎鼎的设备驱动probe函数*/
        if (ret)
            goto probe_failed;
    }
    pinctrl_init_done**(dev); //pinctrl 初始化完成
    ...
}

下面看下pinctrl_bind_pins(...)函数的具体实现
源码:/drivers.base.pinctrl.c
/**
 * struct dev_pin_info - pin state container for devices
 * @p: pinctrl handle for the containing device
 * @default_state: the default state for the handle, if found
 * @init_state: the state at probe time, if found
 * @sleep_state: the state at suspend time, if found
 * @idle_state: the state at idle (runtime suspend) time, if found
 */
struct dev_pin_info {
    struct pinctrl *p;
    struct pinctrl_state *default_state;
    struct pinctrl_state *init_state;
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
    struct pinctrl_state *sleep_state;
    struct pinctrl_state *idle_state;
#endif
};

/**
 * pinctrl_bind_pins() - called by the device core before probe
 * @dev: the device that is just about to probe
 */
int pinctrl_bind_pins(struct device *dev)
{
    int ret;

    if (dev->of_node_reused)
        return 0;

    //分配dev_pin_info 内存空间
    dev->pins = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*(dev->pins)), GFP_KERNEL);
    if (!dev->pins)
        return -ENOMEM;

    dev->pins->p = devm_pinctrl_get(dev);
    if (IS_ERR(dev->pins->p)) {
        dev_dbg(dev, "no pinctrl handle\n");
        ret = PTR_ERR(dev->pins->p);
        goto cleanup_alloc;
    }

    //查找"default"状态
    dev->pins->default_state = pinctrl_lookup_state(dev->pins->p,PINCTRL_STATE_DEFAULT);
    if (IS_ERR(dev->pins->default_state)) {
        dev_dbg(dev, "no default pinctrl state\n");
        ret = 0;
        goto cleanup_get; //必须存在"default"状态
    }

    //查找"init"状态
    dev->pins->init_state = pinctrl_lookup_state(dev->pins->p,PINCTRL_STATE_INIT);
    if (IS_ERR(dev->pins->init_state)) {
        /* Not supplying this state is perfectly legal */
        dev_dbg(dev, "no init pinctrl state\n");
        ret = pinctrl_select_state(dev->pins->p, dev->pins->default_state); //无"init"状态则设置为"default"状态
    } else {
        ret = pinctrl_select_state(dev->pins->p, dev->pins->init_state); //设置"init"状态
    }

    if (ret) {
        dev_dbg(dev, "failed to activate initial pinctrl state\n");
        goto cleanup_get;
    }

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
    /*
     * If power management is enabled, we also look for the optional
     * sleep and idle pin states, with semantics as defined in
     * <linux/pinctrl/pinctrl-state.h>
     */
    //查找"sleep"状态
    dev->pins->sleep_state = pinctrl_lookup_state(dev->pins->p,PINCTRL_STATE_SLEEP);
    if (IS_ERR(dev->pins->sleep_state))
        /* Not supplying this state is perfectly legal */
        dev_dbg(dev, "no sleep pinctrl state\n");
    //查找"idle"状态
    dev->pins->idle_state = pinctrl_lookup_state(dev->pins->p,PINCTRL_STATE_IDLE);
    if (IS_ERR(dev->pins->idle_state))
        /* Not supplying this state is perfectly legal */
        dev_dbg(dev, "no idle pinctrl state\n");
#endif
    return 0;
    /*
     * If no pinctrl handle or default state was found for this device,
     * let's explicitly free the pin container in the device, there is
     * no point in keeping it around.
     */
cleanup_get:
    devm_pinctrl_put(dev->pins->p);
cleanup_alloc:
    devm_kfree(dev, dev->pins);
    dev->pins = NULL;
    /* Return deferrals */
    if (ret == -EPROBE_DEFER)
        return ret;
    /* Return serious errors */
    if (ret == -EINVAL)
        return ret;
    /* We ignore errors like -ENOENT meaning no pinctrl state */
    return 0;
}

/**
 * pinctrl_init_done() - tell pinctrl probe is done
 * We'll use this time to switch the pins from "init" to "default" unless the driver selected some other state.
 * @dev: device to that's done probing
 */
int pinctrl_init_done(struct device *dev)
{
    struct dev_pin_info *pins = dev->pins;
    int ret;

    if (!pins)
        return 0;

    if (IS_ERR(pins->init_state))
        return 0; /* No such state */

    if (pins->p->state != pins->init_state)
        return 0; /* Not at init anyway */

    if (IS_ERR(pins->default_state))
       return 0; /* No default state */

    ret = pinctrl_select_state(pins->p, pins->default_state); //切换为"default"状态
    if (ret)
        dev_err(dev, "failed to activate default pinctrl state\n");

    return ret;
}