Java Applet基础讲解

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于 2015-09-12 23:22:28 发布

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applet是一种Java程序。它一般运行在支持Java的Web浏览器内。因为它有完整的Java API支持,所以applet是一个全功能的Java应用程序。

如下所示是独立的Java应用程序和applet程序之间重要的不同：

Java中applet类继承了 java.applet.Applet类
Applet类没有定义main()，所以一个 Applet程序不会调用main()方法，
Applets被设计为嵌入在一个HTML页面。
当用户浏览包含Applet的HTML页面，Applet的代码就被下载到用户的机器上。
要查看一个applet需要JVM。 JVM可以是Web浏览器的一个插件，或一个独立的运行时环境。
用户机器上的JVM创建一个applet类的实例，并调用Applet生命周期过程中的各种方法。
Applets有Web浏览器强制执行的严格的安全规则，applet的安全机制被称为沙箱安全。
applet需要的其他类可以用Java归档（JAR）文件的形式下载下来。

Applet的生命周期

Applet类中的四个方法给你提供了一个框架，你可以再该框架上开发小程序：

init: 该方法的目的是为你的applet提供所需的任何初始化。在Applet标记内的param标签被处理后调用该方法。
start: 浏览器调用init方法后，该方法被自动调用。每当用户从其他页面返回到包含Applet的页面时，则调用该方法。
stop:当用户从包含applet的页面移除的时候，该方法自动被调用。因此，可以在相同的applet中反复调用该方法。
destroy: 此方法仅当浏览器正常关闭时调用。因为applets只有在HTML网页上有效，所以你不应该在用户离开包含Applet的页面后遗漏任何资源.
paint: 该方法在start()方法之后立即被调用，或者在applet需要重绘在浏览器的时候调用。paint()方法实际上继承于java.awt。

"Hello, World" Applet:

下面是一个简单的Applet程序HelloWorldApplet.java:

<span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">applet</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">awt</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
 
</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">HelloWorldApplet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Applet</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> paint </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">Graphics</span><span class="pln"> g</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      g</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">drawString </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Hello World"</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">25</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">50</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span>

这些import语句将以下类导入到我们的applet类中：

<span class="pln">java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">applet</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Applet</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">
java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">awt</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Graphics</span><span class="pun">.</span>

没有这些import语句，Java编译器就识别不了Applet和Graphics类。

Applet 类

每一个applet都是java.applet.Applet 类的子类，基础的Applet类提供了供衍生类调用的方法,以此来得到浏览器上下文的信息和服务。

这些方法做了如下事情：

得到applet的参数
得到包含applet的HTML文件的网络位置
得到applet类目录的网络位置
打印浏览器的状态信息
获取一张图片
获取一个音频片段
播放一个音频片段
调整此 applet 的大小

除此之外，Applet类还提供了一个接口，该接口供Viewer或浏览器来获取applet的信息，并且来控制applet的执行。

Viewer可能是：

请求applet作者、版本和版权的信息
请求applet识别的参数的描述
初始化applet
销毁applet
开始执行applet
结束执行applet

Applet类提供了对这些方法的默认实现，这些方法可以在需要的时候重写。

"Hello，World"applet都是按标准编写的。唯一被重写的方法是paint方法。

Applet的调用

applet是一种Java程序。它一般运行在支持Java的Web浏览器内。因为它有完整的Java API支持,所以applet是一个全功能的Java应用程序。

<applet>标签是在HTML文件中嵌入applet的基础。以下是一个调用"Hello World"applet的例子；

<span class="tag"><html></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><title></span><span class="pln">The Hello, World Applet</span><span class="tag"></title></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><applet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">code</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"HelloWorldApplet.class"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">width</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"320"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">height</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"120"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
If your browser was Java-enabled, a "Hello, World"
message would appear here.
</span><span class="tag"></applet></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"></html></span>

注意: 你可以参照HTML Applet标签来更多的了解从HTML中调用applet的方法。

<applet>标签的属性指定了要运行的Applet类。Width和height用来指定applet运行面板的初始大小。applet必须使用</applet>标签来关闭。

如果applet接受参数，那么参数的值需要在标签里添加，该标签位于<applet>和</applet>之间。浏览器忽略了applet标签之间的文本和其他标签。

不支持Java的浏览器不能执行<applet>和</applet>。因此，在标签之间显示并且和applet没有关系的任何东西，在不支持的Java的浏览器里是可见的。

Viewer或者浏览器在文档的位置寻找编译过的Java代码，要指定文档的路径，得使用<applet>标签的codebase属性指定。

如下所示：

<span class="tag"><applet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">codebase</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://amrood.com/applets"</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="atn">code</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"HelloWorldApplet.class"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">width</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"320"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">height</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"120"</span><span class="tag">></span>

如果applet所在一个包中而不是默认包，那么所在的包必须在code属性里指定，例如：

<span class="tag"><applet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">code</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"mypackage.subpackage.TestApplet.class"</span><span class="pln">
           </span><span class="atn">width</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"320"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">height</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"120"</span><span class="tag">></span>

获得applet参数

下面的例子演示了如何使用一个applet响应来设置文件中指定的参数。该Applet显示了一个黑色棋盘图案和第二种颜色。

第二种颜色和每一列的大小通过文档中的applet的参数指定。

CheckerApplet 在init()方法里得到它的参数。也可以在paint()方法里得到它的参数。然而，在applet开始得到值并保存了设置，而不是每一次刷新的时候都得到值，这样是很方便，并且高效的。

applet viewer或者浏览器在applet每次运行的时候调用init()方法。在加载applet之后，Viewer立即调用init()方法（Applet.init()什么也没做），重写该方法的默认实现，添加一些自定义的初始化代码。

Applet.getParameter()方法通过给出参数名称得到参数值。如果得到的值是数字或者其他非字符数据，那么必须解析为字符串类型。

下例是CheckerApplet.java的梗概：

<span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">applet</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">awt</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CheckerApplet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Applet</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> squareSize </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">50</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="com">// 初始化默认大小</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> init </span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">private</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> parseSquareSize </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> param</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">private</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Color</span><span class="pln"> parseColor </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> param</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> paint </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">Graphics</span><span class="pln"> g</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span>

下面是CheckerApplet类的init()方法和私有的parseSquareSize()方法：

<span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> init </span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> squareSizeParam </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> getParameter </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"squareSize"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
   parseSquareSize </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">squareSizeParam</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> colorParam </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> getParameter </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"color"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="typ">Color</span><span class="pln"> fg </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> parseColor </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">colorParam</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
   setBackground </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">Color</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">black</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
   setForeground </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">fg</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">private</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> parseSquareSize </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> param</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">param </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">null</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">try</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      squareSize </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Integer</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">parseInt </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">param</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">catch</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">Exception</span><span class="pln"> e</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
     </span><span class="com">// 保留默认值</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span>

该applet调用parseSquareSize()，来解析squareSize参数。parseSquareSize()调用了库方法Integer. parseInt()，该方法将一个字符串解析为一个整数，当参数无效的时候，Integer.parseInt()抛出异常。

因此，parseSquareSize()方法也是捕获异常的，并不允许applet接受无效的输入。

Applet调用parseColor()方法将颜色参数解析为一个Color值。parseColor()方法做了一系列字符串的比较，来匹配参数的值和预定义颜色的名字。你需要实现这些方法来使applet工作。

指定applet参数

如下的例子是一个HTML文件，其中嵌入了CheckerApplet类。HTML文件通过使用标签的方法给applet指定了两个参数。

<span class="tag"><html></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><title></span><span class="pln">Checkerboard Applet</span><span class="tag"></title></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><applet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">code</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"CheckerApplet.class"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">width</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"480"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">height</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"320"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><param</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">name</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"color"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">value</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"blue"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><param</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">name</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"squaresize"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">value</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"30"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"></applet></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"></html></span>

注意: 参数名字大小写不敏感。

应用程序转换成Applet

将图形化的Java应用程序（是指，使用AWT的应用程序和使用java程序启动器启动的程序）转换成嵌入在web页面里的applet是很简单的。

下面是将应用程序转换成applet的几个步骤：

编写一个HTML页面，该页面带有能加载applet代码的标签。
编写一个JApplet类的子类，将该类设置为public。否则，applet不能被加载。
消除应用程序的main()方法。不要为应用程序构造框架窗口，因为你的应用程序要显示在浏览器中。
将应用程序中框架窗口的构造方法里的初始化代码移到applet的init()方法中，你不必显示的构造applet对象，浏览器将通过调用init()方法来实例化一个对象。
移除对setSize()方法的调用，对于applet来讲，大小已经通过HTML文件里的width和height参数设定好了。
移除对 setDefaultCloseOperation()方法的调用。Applet不能被关闭，它随着浏览器的退出而终止。
如果应用程序调用了setTitle()方法，消除对该方法的调用。applet不能有标题栏。（当然你可以给通过html的title标签给网页自身命名）
不要调用setVisible(true),applet是自动显示的。

事件处理

Applet类从Container类继承了许多事件处理方法。Container类定义了几个方法，例如：processKeyEvent()和processMouseEvent()，用来处理特别类型的事件，还有一个捕获所有事件的方法叫做processEvent。

为了响应一个事件，applet必须重写合适的事件处理方法。

<span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">awt</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">event</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">MouseListener</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">awt</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">event</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">MouseEvent</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">applet</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Applet</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">awt</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Graphics</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
 
</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">ExampleEventHandling</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Applet</span><span class="pln">
                             </span><span class="kwd">implements</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MouseListener</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
 
    </span><span class="typ">StringBuffer</span><span class="pln"> strBuffer</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
 
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> init</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         addMouseListener</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
         strBuffer </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">StringBuffer</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
        addItem</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"initializing the apple "</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
 
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> start</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
        addItem</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"starting the applet "</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
 
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> stop</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
        addItem</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"stopping the applet "</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
 
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> destroy</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
        addItem</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"unloading the applet"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
 
    </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> addItem</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> word</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="typ">System</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">out</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">println</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">word</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
        strBuffer</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">append</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">word</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
        repaint</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
 
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> paint</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">Graphics</span><span class="pln"> g</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         </span><span class="com">//Draw a Rectangle around the applet's display area.</span><span class="pln">
        g</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">drawRect</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
                      getWidth</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">
                      getHeight</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
 
         </span><span class="com">//display the string inside the rectangle.</span><span class="pln">
        g</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">drawString</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">strBuffer</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">toString</span><span class="pun">(),</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">10</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">20</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
 
  
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> mouseEntered</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">MouseEvent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">event</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> mouseExited</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">MouseEvent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">event</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> mousePressed</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">MouseEvent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">event</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> mouseReleased</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">MouseEvent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">event</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
 
    </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> mouseClicked</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">MouseEvent</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">event</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         addItem</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"mouse clicked! "</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span>

如下调用该applet：

<span class="tag"><html></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><title></span><span class="pln">Event Handling</span><span class="tag"></title></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><applet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">code</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"ExampleEventHandling.class"</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="atn">width</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"300"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">height</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"300"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"></applet></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"></html></span>

最开始运行，applet显示 "initializing the applet. Starting the applet."，然后你一点击矩形框，就会显示"mouse clicked" 。

显示图片

applet能显示GIF,JPEG,BMP等其他格式的图片。为了在applet中显示图片，你需要使用java.awt.Graphics类的drawImage()方法。

如下实例演示了显示图片的所有步骤：

<span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">applet</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">awt</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">net</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">ImageDemo</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Applet</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">private</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Image</span><span class="pln"> image</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">private</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AppletContext</span><span class="pln"> context</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> init</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      context </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getAppletContext</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> imageURL </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getParameter</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"image"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">imageURL </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">null</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         imageURL </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"java.jpg"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">try</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         URL url </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> URL</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getDocumentBase</span><span class="pun">(),</span><span class="pln"> imageURL</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
         image </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> context</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getImage</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">url</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="kwd">catch</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">MalformedURLException</span><span class="pln"> e</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         e</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">printStackTrace</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
         </span><span class="com">// Display in browser status bar</span><span class="pln">
         context</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">showStatus</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Could not load image!"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> paint</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">Graphics</span><span class="pln"> g</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      context</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">showStatus</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Displaying image"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
      g</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">drawImage</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">image</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">200</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">84</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">null</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
      g</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">drawString</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"www.javalicense.com"</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">35</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> 
</span><span class="pun">}</span>

如下调用该applet：

<span class="tag"><html></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><title></span><span class="pln">The ImageDemo applet</span><span class="tag"></title></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><applet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">code</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"ImageDemo.class"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">width</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"300"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">height</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"200"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><param</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">name</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"image"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">value</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"java.jpg"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"></applet></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"></html></span>

播放音频

Applet能通过使用java.applet包中的AudioClip接口播放音频。AudioClip接口定义了三个方法：

public void play(): 从一开始播放音频片段一次。
public void loop(): 循环播放音频片段
public void stop(): 停止播放音频片段

为了得到AudioClip对象，你必须调用Applet类的getAudioClip()方法。无论URL指向的是否是一个真实的音频文件，该方法都会立即返回结果。

直到要播放音频文件时，该文件才会下载下来。

如下实例演示了播放音频的所有步骤：

<span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">applet</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">awt</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">net</span><span class="pun">.*;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AudioDemo</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Applet</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">private</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AudioClip</span><span class="pln"> clip</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">private</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AppletContext</span><span class="pln"> context</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> init</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      context </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getAppletContext</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> audioURL </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getParameter</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"audio"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">audioURL </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">null</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         audioURL </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"default.au"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">try</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         URL url </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> URL</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getDocumentBase</span><span class="pun">(),</span><span class="pln"> audioURL</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
         clip </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> context</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getAudioClip</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">url</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="kwd">catch</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">MalformedURLException</span><span class="pln"> e</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         e</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">printStackTrace</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
         context</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">showStatus</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Could not load audio file!"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> start</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">clip </span><span class="pun">!=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">null</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         clip</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">loop</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> stop</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">clip </span><span class="pun">!=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">null</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
         clip</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">stop</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span>

如下调用applet：

<span class="tag"><html></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><title></span><span class="pln">The ImageDemo applet</span><span class="tag"></title></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><applet</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">code</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"ImageDemo.class"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">width</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"0"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">height</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"0"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><param</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">name</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"audio"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">value</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"test.wav"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"></applet></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="tag"><hr></span>

你可以使用你电脑上的test.wav来测试上面的实例。

15届hp_EPM测试4钟宏益

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Java Applet基础讲解

applet是一种Java程序。它一般运行在支持Java的Web浏览器内。因为它有完整的Java API支持,所以applet是一个全功能的Java应用程序。如下所示是独立的Java应用程序和applet程序之间重要的不同：Java中applet类继承了 java.applet.Applet类Applet类没有定义main()，所以一个 Applet程序不会调用main()方法，A
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