通过NFS调试Linux系统
宿主机配置
基于Ubuntu(>=18.04)。
配置宿主机的tftp和nfs服务:
sudo apt-get install -y nfs-kernel-server tftp-hpa tftpd-hpa
# sudo vim /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
sudo systemctl enable tftpd-hpa
sudo systemctl restart tftpd-hpa
# sudo vim /etc/exports
sudo systemctl enable nfs-kernel-server
sudo systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server
tftpd配置(/etc/default/tftpd-hpa):
# /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/share/tftpboot"
TFTP_ADDRESS=":69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="-l-c-s"
nfs配置(/etc/exports):
# /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported
# to NFS clients. See exports(5).
#
# Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3:
# /srv/homes hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)
#
# Example for NFSv4:
# /srv/nfs4 gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
# /srv/nfs4/homes gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
#
/share/nfs/rootfs *(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async,no_root_squash)
设备端配置
配置U-Boot环境变量(以imx6ull为例,除文件名和内存地址之外,其他是通用的):
setenv loadaddr '0x80800000'
setenv fdt_addr '0x83000000'
setenv fdt_file 'imx6ull-14x14-evk.dtb'
# 配置网络(tftpboot), 根据实际网络环境设置
setenv serverip '192.168.31.64'
setenv gatewayip '192.168.31.1'
setenv netmask '255.255.255.0'
setenv ipaddr '192.168.31.10'
setenv ethaddr '00:12:34:56:78:9A'
# 配置NFS和启动参数
setenv nfsroot '/share/nfs/rootfs'
setenv bootargs_nfs 'setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} root=/dev/nfs rw ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}:${gatewayip}:${netmask}::eth0:off nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp'
setenv bootcmd_net 'run bootargs_nfs;tftp ${loadaddr} zImage;tftp ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file};bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr}'
在U-Boot命令行下执行 run bootcmd_net
更新内核、设备树,根文件系统为nfs。
此后,可直接在宿主机上修改内核、内核驱动或应用程序,在设备端验证通过后再制作相应的安装镜像,避免对存储介质造成过度磨损。