python之继承

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python3.6版本

Person.py

import datetime
class Person:
    AllCount = 0
    def __init__(self,number,name,sex,birthday):
        self.number = number
        self.name = name
        self.birthday = birthday
        self.sex = sex
        Person.AllCount += 1

    @property
    def age(self):
        return datetime.date.today().year - self.birthday.year
    @age.setter
    def age(self,value):
        return AttributeError("禁止赋值年龄")

    @age.deleter
    def age(self):
        return AttributeError("年龄不能删除")

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<个人：{} at 0x{}>".format(self.number,id(self))

    def __str__(self):
        return "编号：{},姓名：{},性别：{}".format(self.number,self.name,self.sex)

    def __del__(self):
        Person.AllCount -= 1

Department.py

class Department:
    def __init__(self,depnumber,adminstrate,louceng):
        self.depnumber = depnumber
        self.adminstrate = adminstrate
        self.louceng = louceng

    def __str__(self):
        return "编号：{},管理者：{},楼层：{}".format(self.depnumber,self.adminstrate,self.louceng)

Teacher.py

from  OO.Person import Person as Person
from OO.Department import Department as Department

class Teacher(Person):
    TeacherCount = 0
    def __init__(self, number,name,sex,birthday,depatment:Department, salay):
        super().__init__(number,name,sex,birthday)
        self.depatment = depatment
        self.salay = salay
        Teacher.TeacherCount += 1

    def give_raise(self, percent, bonus=.0):
        self.salay = self.salay * (1 + percent) + bonus

    def __del__(self):
        Teacher.TeacherCount -= 1

    def __str__(self):
        return "编号：{},姓名：{},性别：{}，部门：{}".format(self.number, self.name, self.sex,self.depatment)

Student.py

from  OO.Person import Person as p

class Student(p):
    StudentCount = 0
    def __init__(self,number,name,sex,birthday,grade):
        super().__init__(number,name,sex,birthday)
        #Person.__init__(self,number,name,sex,birthday)  或者可以这样写
        self.grade = grade 
        Student.StudentCount += 1



    def __del__(self):
        Student.StudentCount -= 1

    def __str__(self):
        return "编号：{},姓名：{},性别：{}".format(self.number,self.name,self.sex)

main.py

import datetime
#注意包的导入格式
from OO.Person import Person as Person
from OO.Teacher import Teacher as Teacher
from OO.Student import  Student as Student
from OO.Department import Department as Department


if __name__ == '__main__':

    per = Person ("1","wu","女",datetime.date(1995,5,10))
    dep = Department("x","wi",6)
    tea = Teacher("1","wu","女",datetime.date(1995,5,10),dep,5000)

    stu = Student("a","li","男",datetime.date(1998,2,15),90)
    stu2 = Student("b", "Zhou", "女", datetime.date(1998, 2, 19), 80)  #必须是stu2,stu 是占原来的位置，使得stu.StudentCount不会加1

    #感受下两者区别，因为age使用了装饰器property且 @age.deleter进行修饰，所以age不能删除。同时为age的修改的函数也进行了修饰
    # del (per.age)
    # del (per.sex)
    # print(per.age)
    # print(per.sex)
    #
    #
    # print(per)  #调用Person.py里的__str()__函数
    # #脚本中直接写 per   调用__repr__(self)函数

    # print(tea.depatment.depnumber)  #获取教师所在的部门编号

    print(per.AllCount)
    print(tea.TeacherCount)
    print(stu.StudentCount)

其中
super() 函数是用于调用父类(超类)的一个方法。
super 是用来解决多重继承问题的，直接用类名调用父类方法在使用单继承的时候没问题，但是如果使用多继承，会涉及到查找顺序（MRO）、重复调用（钻石继承）等种种问题。