编码过程中经常会遇到多线程的协同合作场景,也就是说某个线程依赖于另一个线程的返回,而大家都知道线程的run方法是没有返回值的,如何解决线程返回的问题呢,当然可以通过线程的join方法等待,然后通过调用线程的成员变量来获取结果(前一批文章中有实例),但是更好的解决办法是future模式。以下是实例:
1、定义作业线程:
package design.pattern.future;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class TestFutureCallable implements Callable<String> {
private String callableNum;
public TestFutureCallable(String callableNum) {
this.callableNum = "线程" + callableNum;
}
public String call() throws Exception {
Random random = new Random();
int sleepTime = random.nextInt(60);
//执行耗时
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(sleepTime);
System.out.println(callableNum + " sleep:" + sleepTime+"秒");
return callableNum + " 逻辑执行完毕";
}
}
2、定义测试类:
package design.pattern.future;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class TestFuture {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//记录开始时间
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
//建一个线程池
ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 10, 20, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(20));
//新建一批任务
List<Callable<String>> tasks = new ArrayList<Callable<String>>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Callable<String> task = new TestFutureCallable(String.valueOf(i));
tasks.add(task);
}
List<Future<String>> futures;
try {
//任务提交线程池执行
futures = executorService.invokeAll(tasks);
for (Future<String> f : futures) {
//获取任务的返回结果(get方法是阻塞的)
System.out.println(f.get());
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("主线程执行耗时:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000 + "秒");
}
}
3、执行结果:
分析:
从结果中可看出,future可以很好的解决线程返回结果的问题,结合多线程可获得减少耗时的效果。