scoop——强大的Windows命令行包管理工具
在下载了一系列软件管理专家后,我遇到了scoop这一个神级的软件包管理工具,他会自动设置环境变量,也会管理程序依赖。再添加了仓库之后,基本能满足我的软件安装和管理需求。后期我也会学习一下官方的配置写法,维护一下我需要的一些其他的软件。
初级玩法:安装scoop用以管理Windows软件
安装前的准备
- 用户名不含中文字符
- Windows 7 SP1+ / Windows Server 2008+
- PowerShell 3+
- .NET Framework 4.5+
若Powershell或.NET Franmework版本过旧,更新后重启即可。
若不清楚版本号,可Win+R
运行powershell,输入以下命令获取版本号。
$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major #查看Powershell版本$PSVersionTable.CLRVersion.Major #查看.NET Framework版本12
安装scoop
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -scope CurrentUseriex (new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://get.scoop.sh')12
如果下载scoop的过程中断,那么必须先删除(C:\Users\scoop)文件夹,再执行以上命令安装。
下载完成后,输入scoop
出现如下帮助即安装成功。
帮助文档
Usage: scoop []Some useful commands are:alias Manage scoop aliasesbucket Manage Scoop bucketscache Show or clear the download cachecheckup Check for potential problemscleanup Cleanup apps by removing old versionsconfig Get or set configuration valuescreate Create a custom app manifestdepends List dependencies for an appexport Exports (an importable) list of installed appshelp Show help for a commandhome Opens the app homepageinfo Display information about an appinstall Install appslist List installed appsprefix Returns the path to the specified appreset Reset an app to resolve conflictssearch Search available appsstatus Show status and check for new app versionsuninstall Uninstall an appupdate Update apps, or Scoop itselfvirustotal Look for app's hash on virustotal.comwhich Locate a shim/executable (similar to 'which' on Linux)Type 'scoop help ' to get help for a specific command.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728
基本操作
查找软件
在安装软件之前,推荐先查询一下。比如我们查询一下git:
scoop search git
在main
仓库中找到如下软件:
'main' bucket: git-annex (7.20190129) git-crypt (0.6.0-701fb8e) git-istage (0.2.61) git-lfs (2.6.1) git-sizer (1.3.0) git-town (7.2.0) git-up (1.6.1) git-with-openssh (2.20.1.windows.1) git (2.20.1.windows.1) git19 (1.9.5-preview20150319) gitignore (0.2018.08.04) gitkube (0.3.0) gitlab-runner (11.7.0) gitversion (4.0.0) mingit-busybox (2.20.1.windows.1) mingit (2.20.1.windows.1) psgithub (2017.01.22) psutils (0.2018.08.04) --> includes 'gitignore.ps1'12345678910111213141516171819
安装软件
找到git的包名后,我们安装它:
scoop install git
安装成功:
Installing 'git' (2.20.1.windows.1) [64bit]Loading PortableGit-2.20.1-64-bit.7z.exe from cacheChecking hash of PortableGit-2.20.1-64-bit.7z.exe ... ok.Extracting dl.7z ... done.Linking ~\scoop\apps\git\current => ~\scoop\apps\git\2.20.1.windows.1Creating shim for 'git'.Creating shim for 'gitk'.Creating shim for 'git-gui'.Creating shim for 'tig'.Creating shim for 'git-bash'.Creating shortcut for Git Bash (git-bash.exe)Running post-install script...'git' (2.20.1.windows.1) was installed successfully!12345678910111213
安装完成的软件会放在C:\Users\scoop\apps。
利用aria2加速下载
在使用scoop安装aria2后,scoop会自动调用aria2进行多线程下载以加速下载
scoop install aria21
卸载软件
# scoop uninstall 7zip1
添加仓库
scoop自带的main bucket软件过少,我们需要添加官方维护的extras bucket:
scoop bucket add extras1
之后就可以安装我们所需的软件了,附我的安装软件清单:
scoop install calibre gimp inkscape latex vscode-portable zotero1
第三方bucket
若在scoop search中找不到需要的软件,可以上github上的第三方bucket查找一下。
比如安装cajviewer,添加bucket:
scoop bucket add scoopbucket https://github.com/yuanying1199/scoopbucket1
安装cajviewer:
scoop install scoopbucket/cajviewerlite1