$ host www.baidu.com
www.baidu.com is an alias for www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com has address 220.181.38.150
www.a.shifen.com has address 220.181.38.149
[root@VM-16-2-centos ~]# dig +trace baidu.com;<<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 <<>> +trace baidu.com
;; global options: +cmd
.44876 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
.44876 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
;; Received 228 bytes from 183.60.82.98#53(183.60.82.98) in 0 ms
com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
com. 86400 IN DS 3090982 E2D3C916F6DEEAC73294E8268FB5885044A833FC5459588F4A9184CF C41A5766
com. 86400 IN RRSIG DS 8186400202106210500002021060804000014631. SE7HNqehc1MlBqlV/jyDvqtTe2h47lT1wK+M0ypi/RZL6WUtZ4ZJRB7o 597nbFpT+tsXcklYmOtPCnruAhI58+Bs/cnghKQzgR9DoFxZV6vK/6mW 81m7Uk2Z9PuR5y2dWe7x8CWPWFzC4xXJFnuyrVJUnwJqkMnNOAxGa7CI AP3pPYs8JZOjYxMzkzz1pdTIpapbz7gQFDADgCf+m/AMNih+elu0P8+l erveIfVYtfDgYh4vHV4h/vyaBdNRviQQTvTx0W3AH8I251Jp1Q1xJa9s D0Zj7n0cojZufOP3XDs5msZxu0CwwV06Iq4SDbrSEcJPyHrN5SVEgaS1 z7ZduA==;; Received 1169 bytes from 192.203.230.10#53(e.root-servers.net) in 220 ms
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns7.baidu.com.
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 110 - CK0Q1GIN43N1ARRC9OSM6QPQR81H5M9A NS SOA RRSIG dnsKEY NSEC3PARAM
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 8286400202106130424072021060603140754714 com. lm/XkI4n74JY7boeU6gnPY1wG+EFdeiSkxwxzUKW8aAR2F62K2+WZ+5I sxjKMJwssmu0RF4cfpu0V64XHVNcUVYcOkRoYpsPURl3bd808NIbBna7 DSrUKHjHGHmcjy7NN10Dgsc3lCV6rOExULOEd+4XVIzC3fUY7KD5vXiF mgoDzYla7g81qcdJpxyegJIatCSE6dd3xUPSUPqdwHZb3Q==
HPVUSBDNI26UDNIV6R0SV14GC3KGR4JP.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 110 - HPVVN3Q5E5GOQP2QFE2LEM4SVB9C0SJ6 NS DS RRSIG
HPVUSBDNI26UDNIV6R0SV14GC3KGR4JP.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 8286400202106130451112021060603411154714 com. a7SSdsZdXkOqKp6EOM6w4sSDOkN3/wYEgfoRjCYySK4Nwem4gHZ4GaPP N8W073BToSfEIH1dfOZw+Ln2+vFA67iRcw7w0vyd3kX9iKaNwvU62P/m bovKGjOJYR4xNhiiymBPhXmazbc0UFcW1N6srCwkAVzWGYbsnj1CkS8C u1j+Oh9leVDss4JGSkdIIACEkhoC1bFUdhPMzLfqWygeXg==;; Received 757 bytes from 192.31.80.30#53(d.gtld-servers.net) in 218 ms
baidu.com. 600 IN A 220.181.38.148
baidu.com. 600 IN A 39.156.69.79
baidu.com. 86400 IN NS ns7.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 86400 IN NS ns3.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 86400 IN NS ns4.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 86400 IN NS ns2.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 86400 IN NS dns.baidu.com.
;; Received 240 bytes from 220.181.33.31#53(ns2.baidu.com) in 26 ms
从根服务器开始授权链
> dig @a.root-servers.net gongzicp.com soa
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;gongzicp.com. IN SOA
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
....
; AUTHORITY SECTION返回全球顶级域(global Top-Level Domain,gTLD)服务器是指定域名的下一环
> dig @k.gtld-servers.net gongzicp.com soa
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;gongzicp.com. IN SOA
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
gongzicp.com. 172800 IN NS dns2.hichina.com.
gongzicp.com. 172800 IN NS dns1.hichina.com.
> dig @dns2.hichina.com gongzicp.com soa
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;gongzicp.com. IN SOA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
gongzicp.com. 600 IN SOA dns1.hichina.com. hostmaster.hichina.com. 2017101017 3600 1200 86400 360
; 返回了ANSWER响应,现在知道权威名称服务器,可以查询需要的gongzicp.com
> dig @dns2.hichina.com gongzicp.com any
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;gongzicp.com. IN ANY
;; ANSWER SECTION:
gongzicp.com. 600 IN A 39.106.14.121
gongzicp.com. 86400 IN NS dns2.hichina.com.
gongzicp.com. 86400 IN NS dns1.hichina.com.