Ubuntu下使用ffmpeg4.0的C++上API生成视频文件

前言

ubuntu下源码搭建以及链接ffmpeg文件比较容易搭建主要步骤为1.下载、2…/configure、3.make，然后使用命令行工具进行测试。这些比较容易。然鹅，如何写一个自己的程序通过调用ffmpeg库C++的API呢？于是把官方源码拿出来编译，找CMakeList如何链接ffmpeg，报错、又找、有报错。不断进行着，头都快大了，最终花费几天时间终于成功了，只能说都9102年了，源码编译管理还用makefile，CMakeList.txt的影子都没有。

参考: FFmpeg Ubuntu linker error

How to use SDL2 and SDL_image with cmake

ffmpeg库使用，undefined reference错误

链接libav codeC和了libavformat：未定义的引用(Linking libavcodec and libavformat: Undefined references)

官方解码Muxing例子测试

在自己的程序中使用CMakeList.txt需要链接ffmpeg，然后编译程序运行将随机产生视频文件

具体的CMakeList.txt内容如下，具体的解释可以自己百度或谷歌查一查:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
project(ffmpeg_c)

set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS")

set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES ".a")

find_path(AVCODEC_INCLUDE_DIR libavcodec/avcodec.h)
find_library(AVCODEC_LIBRARY avcodec)

find_path(AVFORMAT_INCLUDE_DIR libavformat/avformat.h)
find_library(AVFORMAT_LIBRARY avformat)

find_path(AVUTIL_INCLUDE_DIR libavutil/avutil.h)
find_library(AVUTIL_LIBRARY avutil)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS")
find_path(AVDEVICE_INCLUDE_DIR libavdevice/avdevice.h)
find_library(AVDEVICE_LIBRARY avdevice)

include_directories(

       /usr/local/include/
)

link_directories(
  #     /home/rui/repos/ffmpeg/
        /usr/local/lib
#       /home/rui/repos/ffmpeg/libswscale
#       /home/rui/repos/ffmpeg/libavformat
)
INCLUDE(FindPkgConfig)
PKG_SEARCH_MODULE(SDL2 REQUIRED sdl2)

add_executable(ffmpeg_c main.c)
message(STATUS ${AVCODEC_LIBRARY})
target_include_directories(ffmpeg_c  PRIVATE ${AVCODEC_INCLUDE_DIR} ${AVFORMAT_INCLUDE_DIR} ${AVUTIL_INCLUDE_DIR} ${AVDEVICE_INCLUDE_DIR})
target_link_libraries(ffmpeg_c PRIVATE ${AVCODEC_LIBRARY} ${AVFORMAT_LIBRARY} ${AVUTIL_LIBRARY} ${AVDEVICE_LIBRARY} ${SDL2_LIBRARIES}  pthread   swresample m swscale
        avcodec avutil avfilter avdevice postproc z lzma  rt)

源码如下：(重点看CMakeList.txt文件如何链接，源码可以忽略或者在ffmpeg/doc/examples/muxing.c下查看次代码)

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 * libavformat API example.
 *
 * Output a media file in any supported libavformat format. The default
 * codecs are used.
 * @example muxing.c
 */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <libavutil/avassert.h>
#include <libavutil/channel_layout.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavutil/mathematics.h>
#include <libavutil/timestamp.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
#include <libswresample/swresample.h>
#define STREAM_DURATION   10.0
#define STREAM_FRAME_RATE 25 /* 25 images/s */
#define STREAM_PIX_FMT    AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P /* default pix_fmt */

#define SCALE_FLAGS SWS_BICUBIC

// a wrapper around a single output AVStream
typedef struct OutputStream {
   
  AVStream *st;
  AVCodecContext *enc;

  /* pts of the next frame that will be generated */
  int64_t next_pts;
  int samples_count;

  AVFrame *frame;
  AVFrame *tmp_frame;

  float t, tincr, tincr2;

  struct SwsContext *sws_ctx;
  struct SwrContext *swr_ctx;
} OutputStream;

static void log_packet(const AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, const AVPacket *pkt)
{
   
  AVRational *time_base = &fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index]->time_base;

  printf("pts:%s pts_time:%s dts:%s dts_time:%s duration:%s duration_time:%s stream_index:%d\n",
         av_ts2str(pkt->pts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->pts, time_base),
         av_ts2str(pkt->dts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->dts, time_base),
         av_ts2str(pkt->duration), av_ts2timestr(pkt->duration, time_base),
         pkt->stream_index);
}

static int write_frame(AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, const AVRational *time_base, AVStream *st, AVPacket *pkt)
{
   
  /* rescale output packet timestamp values from codec to stream timebase */
  av_packet_rescale_ts(pkt, *time_base, st->time_base);
  pkt->stream_index = st->index;

  /* Write the compressed frame to the media file. */
  log_packet(fmt_ctx, pkt);
  return av_interleaved_write_frame(fmt_ctx, pkt);
}

/* Add an output stream. */
static void add_stream(OutputStream *ost, AVFormatContext *oc,
                       AVCodec **codec,
                       enum AVCodecID codec_id)
{
   
  AVCodecContext *c;
  int i;

  /* find the encoder */
  *codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
  if (!(*codec)) {
   
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not find encoder for '%s'\n",
            avcodec_get_name(codec_id));
    exit(1);
  }

  ost->st = avformat_new_stream(oc, NULL);
  if (!ost->st) {
   
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate stream\n");
    exit(1);
  }
  ost->st->id = oc->nb_streams-1;
  c = avcodec_alloc_context3(*codec);
  if (!c) {
   
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc an encoding context\n");
    exit(1);
  }
  ost->enc = c;

  switch ((*codec)->type) {
   
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
      c->sample_fmt  = (*codec)->sample_fmts ?
                       (*codec)->sample_fmts[0] : AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP;
      c->bit_rate    = 64000;
      c->sample_rate = 44100;
      if ((*codec)->supported_samplerates) {
   
        c->sample_rate = (*codec)->supported_samplerates[0];
        for (i = 0; (*codec)->supported_samplerates[i]; i++) {
   
          if ((*codec)->supported_samplerates[i] == 44100)
            c->sample_rate = 44100;
        }
      }
      c->channels        = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(c->channel_layout);
      c->channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;
      if ((*codec)->channel_layouts) {
   
        c->channel_layout = (*codec)->channel_layouts[0];
        for