swift5.1学习-4.枚举

1.枚举的基本用法

定义

enum Direction {
    case north
    case south
    case east
    case west 
}
enum Direction {
    case north, south, east, west
}

使用

var dir = Direction.west
dir = Direction.east
dir = .north
print(dir) // north

switch dir {
case .north:
    print("north")
case .south:
    print("south")
case .east:
    print("east")
case .west:
    print("west")
}

2.关联值(Associated Values)

有时将枚举的成员值跟其他类型的值关联存储在一起

enum Score {
    case points(Int)
    case grade(Character)
}
var score = Score.points(96)
score = .grade("A")

3.原始值(Raw Values)

枚举成员可以使用相同类型的默认值预先对应，这个默认值叫做:原始值
注意:原始值不占用枚举变量的内存

enum PokerSuit : Character {
♠" case spade = "
♥" case heart = "
♦" case diamond = "
♣" case club = "
}
     var suit = PokerSuit.spade 
print(suit) // spade 
print(suit.rawValue) // ♠ 
print(PokerSuit.club.rawValue) // ♣

4.隐式原始值(Implicitly Assigned Raw Values)

如果枚举的原始值类型是Int、String，Swift会自动分配原始值
字符串的原始值默认和字符串相同

enum Direction : String {
    case north = "north"
    case south = "south"
    case east = "east"
    case west = "west"
}
// 等价于
enum Direction : String {
    case north, south, east, west
}

整型默认从0开始递增

enum Season : Int {
    case spring = 1, summer, autumn = 4, winter
}
print(Season.spring.rawValue) // 1
print(Season.summer.rawValue) // 2
print(Season.autumn.rawValue) // 4
print(Season.winter.rawValue) // 5

5.MemoryLayout

可以使用MemoryLayout获取数据类型占用的内存大小

enum Password {
    case number(Int, Int, Int, Int)
    case other
}

 MemoryLayout<Password>.stride // 40, 分配占用的空间大小 
MemoryLayout<Password>.size // 33, 实际用到的空间大小 
MemoryLayout<Password>.alignment // 8, 对齐参数


 var pwd = Password.number(9, 8, 6, 4)
pwd = .other
MemoryLayout.stride(ofValue: pwd) // 40
MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: pwd) // 33
MemoryLayout.alignment(ofValue: pwd) // 8