ICMP协议以及ping命令实现

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <signal.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>  
#include <sys/types.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <netinet/in.h>  
#include <netinet/ip.h>  
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>  
#include <netdb.h>  
#include <setjmp.h>  
#include <errno.h>  
  
#define PACKET_SIZE     4096  
#define MAX_WAIT_TIME   5  
#define MAX_NO_PACKETS  3  
  
char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE];  
char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE];  
int sockfd,datalen=56;  
int nsend=0,nreceived=0;  
struct sockaddr_in dest_addr;  
pid_t pid;  
struct sockaddr_in from;  
struct timeval tvrecv;  
  
void statistics(int signo);  
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len);  
int pack(int pack_no);  
void send_packet(void);  
void recv_packet(void);  
int unpack(char *buf,int len);  
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in);  
  
void statistics(int signo)  
{       printf("/n--------------------PING statistics-------------------/n");  
        printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received , %%%d lost/n",nsend,nreceived,  
                        (nsend-nreceived)/nsend*100);  
        close(sockfd);  
        exit(1);  
}  
/*校验和算法*/  
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len)  
{       int nleft=len;  
        int sum=0;  
        unsigned short *w=addr;  
        unsigned short answer=0;  
          
/*把ICMP报头二进制数据以2字节为单位累加起来*/  
        while(nleft>1)  
        {       sum+=*w++;  
                nleft-=2;  
        }  
        /*若ICMP报头为奇数个字节，会剩下最后一字节。把最后一个字节视为一个2字节数据的高字节，这个2字节数据的低字节为0，继续累加*/  
        if( nleft==1)  
        {       *(unsigned char *)(&answer)=*(unsigned char *)w;  
                sum+=answer;  
        }  
        sum=(sum>>16)+(sum&0xffff);  
        sum+=(sum>>16);  
        answer=~sum;  
        return answer;  
}  
/*设置ICMP报头*/  
int pack(int pack_no)  
{       int i,packsize;  
        struct icmp *icmp;  
        struct timeval *tval;  
  
        icmp=(struct icmp*)sendpacket;  
        icmp->icmp_type=ICMP_ECHO;  
        icmp->icmp_code=0;  
        icmp->icmp_cksum=0;  
        icmp->icmp_seq=pack_no;  
        icmp->icmp_id=pid;  
        packsize=8+datalen;  
        tval= (struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;  
        gettimeofday(tval,NULL);    /*记录发送时间*/  
        icmp->icmp_cksum=cal_chksum( (unsigned short *)icmp,packsize); /*校验算法*/  
        return packsize;  
}  
  
/*发送三个ICMP报文*/  
void send_packet()  
{       int packetsize;  
        while( nsend<MAX_NO_PACKETS)  
        {       nsend++;  
                packetsize=pack(nsend); /*设置ICMP报头*/  
                if( sendto(sockfd,sendpacket,packetsize,0,  
                          (struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr) )<0  )  
                {       perror("sendto error");  
                        continue;  
                }  
                sleep(1); /*每隔一秒发送一个ICMP报文*/  
        }  
}  
  
/*接收所有ICMP报文*/  
void recv_packet()  
{       int n,fromlen;  
        extern int errno;  
  
        signal(SIGALRM,statistics);  
        fromlen=sizeof(from);  
        while( nreceived<nsend)  
        {       alarm(MAX_WAIT_TIME);  
                if( (n=recvfrom(sockfd,recvpacket,sizeof(recvpacket),0,  
                                (struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen)) <0)  
                {       if(errno==EINTR)continue;  
                        perror("recvfrom error");  
                        continue;  
                }  
                gettimeofday(&tvrecv,NULL);  /*记录接收时间*/  
                if(unpack(recvpacket,n)==-1)continue;  
                nreceived++;  
        }  
  
}  
/*剥去ICMP报头*/  
int unpack(char *buf,int len)  
{       int i,iphdrlen;  
        struct ip *ip;  
        struct icmp *icmp;  
        struct timeval *tvsend;  
        double rtt;  
  
        ip=(struct ip *)buf;  
        iphdrlen=ip->ip_hl<<2;    /*求ip报头长度,即ip报头的长度标志乘4*/  
        icmp=(struct icmp *)(buf+iphdrlen);  /*越过ip报头,指向ICMP报头*/  
        len-=iphdrlen;            /*ICMP报头及ICMP数据报的总长度*/  
        if( len<8)                /*小于ICMP报头长度则不合理*/  
        {       printf("ICMP packets/'s length is less than 8/n");  
                return -1;  
        }  
        /*确保所接收的是我所发的的ICMP的回应*/  
        if( (icmp->icmp_type==ICMP_ECHOREPLY) && (icmp->icmp_id==pid) )  
        {       tvsend=(struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;  
                tv_sub(&tvrecv,tvsend);  /*接收和发送的时间差*/  
                rtt=tvrecv.tv_sec*1000+tvrecv.tv_usec/1000;  /*以毫秒为单位计算rtt*/  
                /*显示相关信息*/  
                printf("%d byte from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d rtt=%.3f ms/n",  
                        len,  
                        inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr),  
                        icmp->icmp_seq,  
                        ip->ip_ttl,  
                        rtt);  
        }  
        else    return -1;  
}  
  
main(int argc,char *argv[])  
{       struct hostent *host;  
        struct protoent *protocol;  
        unsigned long inaddr=0l;  
        int waittime=MAX_WAIT_TIME;  
        int size=50*1024;  
  
        if(argc<2)  
        {       printf("usage:%s hostname/IP address/n",argv[0]);  
                exit(1);  
        }  
  
        if( (protocol=getprotobyname("icmp") )==NULL)  
        {       perror("getprotobyname");  
                exit(1);  
        }  
        /*生成使用ICMP的原始套接字,这种套接字只有root才能生成*/  
        if( (sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,protocol->p_proto) )<0)  
        {       perror("socket error");  
                exit(1);  
        }  
        /* 回收root权限,设置当前用户权限*/  
        setuid(getuid());  
        /*扩大套接字接收缓冲区到50K这样做主要为了减小接收缓冲区溢出的 
          的可能性,若无意中ping一个广播地址或多播地址,将会引来大量应答*/  
        setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,&size,sizeof(size) );  
        bzero(&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr));  
        dest_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;  
  
        /*判断是主机名还是ip地址*/  
        if( inaddr=inet_addr(argv[1])==INADDR_NONE)  
        {       if((host=gethostbyname(argv[1]) )==NULL) /*是主机名*/  
                {       perror("gethostbyname error");  
                        exit(1);  
                }  
                memcpy( (char *)&dest_addr.sin_addr,host->h_addr,host->h_length);  
        }  
        else    /*是ip地址*/  
                memcpy( (char *)&dest_addr,(char *)&inaddr,host->h_length);  
        /*获取main的进程id,用于设置ICMP的标志符*/  
        pid=getpid();  
        printf("PING %s(%s): %d bytes data in ICMP packets./n",argv[1],  
                        inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr),datalen);  
        send_packet();  /*发送所有ICMP报文*/  
        recv_packet();  /*接收所有ICMP报文*/  
        statistics(SIGALRM); /*进行统计*/  
  
        return 0;  
  
}  
/*两个timeval结构相减*/  
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in)  
{       if( (out->tv_usec-=in->tv_usec)<0)  
        {       --out->tv_sec;  
                out->tv_usec+=1000000;  
        }  
        out->tv_sec-=in->tv_sec;  
}