redhat8.x配置yum源（配置DNF）

一、简介：

DNF是linux系统的另一个软件安装解决方案，相对于yum，对于依赖有更好，更高效的解决方案。对于开发者来说，也更加友好，而且对于Python也有更好的支持；redhat8已经默认有DNF，只需要修改源就可以直接使用
1、Yum没有API文档。这意味着开发者需要做更多的工作。Yum开发者写一个调用函数都需要查看Yum的代码库，使开发变得缓慢。
2、Python3。Fedora将会过渡到Python3，但Yum却没有这个能力，而DNF既可以使用Python2，也可以在Python3环境下运行。
3、依赖解决能力长期是Fedora软件包管理的阿喀硫斯之踵。DNF使用基于SAT的依赖问题解决方法，与SUSE和OpenSUSE的Zypper类似。

二、安装：

下载：

#下载源文件
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
#配置DNF，耗时比较久
sudo dnf update

#如果想配置yum源，使用以下命令：
# 清除缓存
#yum clean all
# 生存缓存
#yum makecache

也可以直接复制日下内容，放到/etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-8.repo中，
内容如下：

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
[PowerTools]
name=CentOS-$releasever - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official


[AppStream]
name=CentOS-$releasever - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official

三、使用：

DNF的语法与Yum类似（以安装lrzsz为例）；

sudo dnf install lrzsz

删除lrzsz的命令为

sudo dnf remove lrzsz

升级软件

sudo dnf update

升级系统

sudo dnf upgrade

清除RPM包缓存

sudo dnf clean packages

输入命令man dnf查看完整的用法。
其他版本的RHEL需要手动安装DNF：

yum install epel-release
yum install dnf