Java中的Json

一、Json简介

    Json是行业内使用最广泛的数据传输格式；

    Json是一种与开发语言无关的、轻量级的数据格式。全称Javascript Object Notation；

二、优点

    易于人的阅读和编写，易于程序的解析与生产

三、数据结构与基本类型

    1. 数据结构：Object、Array

        Object：使用花括号{}包含的键值对结构，Key必须是String类型，value为任何基本类型或数据结构。

   

        Array：使用中括号[]来起始，并用逗号"，"来分隔元素。

   

    2. 基本类型：string、number、object、array、true、false、null

   

    victor.json

{
	"name" : "Victor Xu",
	"age" : 26.4,
	"birthday" : "1991-03-31",
	"school" : "蓝翔技校",
	"major" : ["理发", "挖掘机"],
	"has_girlfriend" : false,
	"car" : null,
	"house" : null,
	"comment" : "这是一个注释"
}

四、Java中常用的Json数据解析的技术

    Json的官方网站：http://www.json.org/，在Json的官网当中，往下浏览，会发现各个语言的各种Json的工具包；在这里我只简单的介绍两种常用的Java当中的Json工具包，org.json和gson；

   

五、org.json工具包

    1. 通过JSONObject对象，生成Json数据

    JsonTest.java

       

package test.other.json;

import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class JsonTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		jSONObjectjSONObjectSample();
	}
	
	private static void jSONObject() {
		JSONObject victor = new JSONObject();
		Object nullObj = null;
		try {
			victor.put("name", "Victor Xu");
			victor.put("age", 26.4);
			victor.put("birthday", "1991-03-31");
			victor.put("school", "蓝翔技校");
			victor.put("major", new String[]{"理发", "挖掘机"});
			victor.put("has_girlfriend", false);
			victor.put("car", nullObj);
			victor.put("house", nullObj);
			victor.put("comment", "这是一个注释");
			// print
			System.out.println(victor.toString());
		} catch (JSONException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
}

    2. 通过Map集合生成，生成Json数据

    JsonTest.java

package test.other.json;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.json.JSONObject;

public class JsonTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		jSONObject();
	}
	
	private static void jSONObject() {
		Map<String, Object> victor = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		Object nullObj = null;
		victor.put("name", "Victor Xu");
		victor.put("age", 26.4);
		victor.put("birthday", "1991-03-31");
		victor.put("school", "蓝翔技校");
		victor.put("major", new String[]{"理发", "挖掘机"});
		victor.put("has_girlfriend", false);
		victor.put("car", nullObj);
		victor.put("house", nullObj);
		victor.put("comment", "这是一个注释");
		System.out.println(new JSONObject(victor).toString());
	}
	
}

    3. 通过Javabean，生成Json数据

    Diaosi.java

package test.other.json.bean;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Diaosi {
	
	private String name;
	private String school;
	private boolean has_girlfriend;
	private double age;
	private Object car;
	private Object house;
	private String[] major;
	private String comment;
	private String birthday;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public String getSchool() {
		return school;
	}
	
	public void setSchool(String school) {
		this.school = school;
	}
	
	public boolean isHas_girlfriend() {
		return has_girlfriend;
	}
	
	public void setHas_girlfriend(boolean has_girlfriend) {
		this.has_girlfriend = has_girlfriend;
	}
	
	public double getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	
	public void setAge(double age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public Object getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	
	public void setCar(Object car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	
	public Object getHouse() {
		return house;
	}
	
	public void setHouse(Object house) {
		this.house = house;
	}
	
	public String[] getMajor() {
		return major;
	}
	
	public void setMajor(String[] major) {
		this.major = major;
	}
	
	public String getComment() {
		return comment;
	}
	
	public void setComment(String comment) {
		this.comment = comment;
	}
	
	public String getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	
	public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Diaosi [name=" + name + ", school=" + school
				+ ", has_girlfriend=" + has_girlfriend + ", age=" + age
				+ ", car=" + car + ", house=" + house + ", major="
				+ Arrays.toString(major) + ", comment=" + comment
				+ ", birthday=" + birthday + "]";
	}
}

    JsonTest.java

package test.other.json;

import org.json.JSONObject;

import test.other.json.bean.Diaosi;

public class JsonTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		jSONObject();
	}
	
	private static void jSONObject() {
		Diaosi victor = new Diaosi();
		victor.setName("Victor");
		victor.setAge(26.4);
		victor.setBirthday("1991-03-31");
		victor.setSchool("蓝翔技校");
		victor.setMajor(new String[]{"理发", "挖掘机"});
		victor.setHas_girlfriend(false);
		victor.setCar(null);
		victor.setHouse(null);
		victor.setComment("这是一个注释");
		System.out.println(new JSONObject(victor));
	}
	
}

    4. 读取Json文件

    victor.json

{
	"name" : "Victor Xu",
	"age" : 26.4,
	"birthday" : "1991-03-31",
	"school" : "蓝翔技校",
	"major" : ["理发", "挖掘机"],
	"has_girlfriend" : false,
	"car" : null,
	"house" : null,
	"comment" : "这是一个注释"
}

    JsonTest.java

package test.other.json;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class JsonTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, JSONException {
		File file = new File(JsonTest.class.getResource("/victor.json").getFile());
		String content = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
		JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(content);
		if (!jsonObject.isNull("name")) {
			System.out.println("姓名是：" + jsonObject.getString("name"));
		}
		if (!jsonObject.isNull("nickname")) {
			System.out.println("姓名是：" + jsonObject.getString("nickname"));
		}
		System.out.println("年龄：" + jsonObject.getDouble("age"));
		System.out.println("有没有女朋友？" + jsonObject.getBoolean("has_girlfriend"));
		JSONArray majorArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("major");
		for (int i = 0; i < majorArray.length(); i++) {
			String m = (String)majorArray.get(i);
			System.out.println("专业-" + (i + 1) + m);
		}
	}
	
}

六、gson工具包

    1. 通过Javabean，生成Json数据

    JavaTest.java

package test.other.json;

import test.other.json.bean.Diaosi;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

public class JsonTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Diaosi victor = new Diaosi();
		victor.setName("Victor");
		victor.setAge(26.4);
		victor.setBirthday("1991-03-31");
		victor.setSchool("蓝翔技校");
		victor.setMajor(new String[]{"理发", "挖掘机"});
		victor.setHas_girlfriend(false);
		victor.setCar(null);
		victor.setHouse(null);
		victor.setComment("这是一个注释");
		Gson gson = new Gson();
		System.out.println(gson.toJson(victor));
	}
	
}

    2. 读取Json文件

package gson;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import json.ReadJsonSample;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import bean.Diaosi;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

public class GsonReadSample {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		File file = new File(ReadJsonSample.class.getResource("/victor.json").getFile());
		String content = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
		Gson gson = new Gson();
		Diaosi victor = gson.fromJson(content, Diaosi.class);
		System.out.println(victor.toString());
	}
	
}