https://oldpan.me/archives/argparse-python-order-command
基本操作:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("echo")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.echo)
执行以下命令:
$python3 test.py
usage: test.py [-h] echo
test.py: error: the following arguments are required: echo
$python3 test.py -h
usage: test.py [-h] echo
positional arguments:
echo
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
$python3 test.py foo
foo
接着修改:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("echo", help="echo the string you use here")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.echo)
然后得到:
$python3 test.py -h
usage: test.py [-h] echo
positional arguments:
echo echo the string you use here
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
在加进一步:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", help="display a squre of a given number")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.square**2)
结果:
$python3 test.py 4
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 5, in <module>
print(args.square**2)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'str' and 'int'
这样直接进行操作会发生错误,因为模块默认将输入的参数识别为string类型,我们只有明确表明为int型才可以进行**操作。
修改:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", help="display a squre of a given number",type=int)
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.square**2)
结果:
$python3 test.py 4
4
$python3 test.py four
usage: test.py [-h] square
test.py: error: argument square: invalid int value: 'four'
接下来介绍“可选”参数:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--verbosity", help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.verbosity: ## 当不使用--verbosity时,该参数为None
print("verbosity turned on")
输出:
$python3 test.py --verbosity 1
verbosity turned on
$python3 test.py --verbosity 0
verbosity turned on
$python3 test.py -h
usage: test.py [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--verbosity VERBOSITY
increase output verbosity
$python3 test.py --verbosity
usage: test.py [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]
test.py: error: argument --verbosity: expected one argument
上面的一段程序用来展示一些东西,当–verbosity被确定时就会打印出信息,如果没有则什么也不显示,另外要有些需要修改的地方:1、程序的帮助信息有些歧义,2、verbosity只需要两个状态就可以工作了:Ture和False。
进行修改:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--verbosity", help="increase output verbosity",action="store_true")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.verbosity: ## 当不使用--verbosity时,该参数为None
print("verbosity turned on")
输出:
$python3 test.py --verbosity
verbosity turned on
$python3 test.py --help
usage: test.py [-h] [--verbosity]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--verbosity increase output verbosity
修改后,这个选项更像一个标志而不是获取一个值了。注意我们加了一个新的关键字:action,然后给了它一个参数”store_true”。这样的话,当选项被确定的时候,args.verbose被确定为True。不使用选项则为False。
当然也可以使用短的选项参数:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-v","--verbose", help="increase output verbosity",action="store_true")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.verbose: ## 当不使用--verbosity时,该参数为None
print("verbose turned on")
输出:
$python3 test.py -v
verbose turned on
将位置参数和可选参数进行结合:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square",type=int, help="disply a square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v","--verbose", help="increase output verbosity",action="store_true")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square ** 2
if args.verbose:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
输出:
$python test.py
usage: test.py [-h] [-v] square
test.py: error: the following arguments are required: square
$python test.py 4
16
$python test.py 4 --verbose
the square of 4 equals 16
$python test.py --verbose 4
the square of 4 equals 16
上面程序中重新加上了位置参数,如果使用时不明确使用位置参数则会出现错误。
下面则使用了多可选参数的设置:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square",type=int, help="disply a square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v","--verbose",type=int, help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square ** 2
if args.verbose ==2:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbose == 1:
print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
输出:
$python3 test.py 4
16
$python3 test.py 4 -v
usage: test.py [-h] [-v VERBOSE] square
test.py: error: argument -v/--verbose: expected one argument
$python3 test.py 4 -v 1
4^2 == 16
$python3 test.py 4 -v 2
the square of 4 equals 16
$python3 test.py 4 -v 3
16
上面输出中最后一行有点小问题,修改一下:
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square",type=int, help="disply a square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v","--verbose",type=int,choices=[0, 1, 2], help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square ** 2
if args.verbose ==2:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbose == 1:
print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
输出:
$python3 test.py 4 -v 3
usage: test.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square
test.py: error: argument -v/--verbose: invalid choice: 3 (choose from 0, 1, 2)
$python3 test.py 4 -h
usage: test.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square
positional arguments:
square disply a square of a given number
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v {0,1,2}, --verbose {0,1,2}
increase output verbosity