LeetCode34. Search for a Range

题目

Given an array of integers sorted in ascending order, find the starting and ending position of a given target value.

Your algorithm’s runtime complexity must be in the order of O(log n).

If the target is not found in the array, return [-1, -1].

For example,
Given [5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10] and target value 8,
return [3, 4].
题目原意是给定一个排序好的递增数组，然后从中找出需要的数在数组里的下标最小值和最大值，没有就返回[-1, -1]

题目分析

题目要求时间复杂度为O（logn），而且数组已经排序，那么很自然想到用二分查找，只不过不是查找到一个就结束了，而是从这个的左和右继续做二分查找，直到左和右都没有这个数。一开始我为了方便并不是这样做的，我是先用二分查找找到这个数，然后令下标最小值等于找到的这个下标，然后分别–和++，直到数组中这两个下标的数并不是要找的数

public:
    vector<int> searchRange(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int start = 0, end = nums.size() - 1;
        if (nums.size() == 0) {
            vector<int> result;
            result.push_back(-1);
            result.push_back(-1);
            return result;
        }
        while(1) {
            int mid = (end - start) / 2 + start;
            if (mid == start&&nums[start] != target&&nums[end] != target) {
                vector<int> result;
                result.push_back(-1);
                result.push_back(-1);
                return result;
            }
            if (mid == start&&nums[start] != target&&nums[end] == target) {
                vector<int> result;
                result.push_back(end);
                result.push_back(end);
                return result;
            }
            if (nums[mid] == target) {
                int begin = mid, finish = mid;
                while (begin - 1 >= 0 && nums[begin-1] == target) {
                    begin--;
                }
                while (finish + 1 < nums.size() && nums[finish + 1] == target) {
                    finish++;
                }
                vector<int> result;
                result.push_back(begin);
                result.push_back(finish);
                return result;
            }
            else if (nums[mid] < target) {
                start = mid;
                continue;
            }
            else if (nums[mid] > target) {
                end = mid;
                continue;
            }
        } 
    }
};

但是当数组中有很多个要查找的数的时候时间复杂度就很大，优点是时间复杂度在只有比较少要查找的数时要比一直二分查找小，另附一直二分查找的

vector<int> searchRange(int A[], int n, int target) {
    int i = 0, j = n - 1;
    vector<int> ret(2, -1);
    // Search for the left one
    while (i < j)
    {
        int mid = (i + j) /2;
        if (A[mid] < target) i = mid + 1;
        else j = mid;
    }
    if (A[i]!=target) return ret;
    else ret[0] = i;

    // Search for the right one
    j = n-1;  // We don't have to set i to 0 the second time.
    while (i < j)
    {
        int mid = (i + j) /2 + 1;   // Make mid biased to the right
        if (A[mid] > target) j = mid - 1;  
        else i = mid;               // So that this won't make the search range stuck.
    }
    ret[1] = j;
    return ret; 
}

不过这里其实还可以用c++自带标准库里的equal_range方法来直接解决，这个方法能找出vector里含有该数的范围，返回的是两个迭代器，如果不存在这个数迭代器指向同一个地方，否则至少会相隔1

vector<int> searchRange(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
    auto bounds = equal_range(nums.begin(), nums.end(), target);
    if (bounds.first == bounds.second)
        return {-1, -1};
    return {bounds.first - nums.begin(), bounds.second - nums.begin() - 1};
}