文章目录
第二章、五种通知及注解配置Spring AOP
一、五种通知类型
1、特殊的“通知” - 引介增强
引介增强(IntroductionInterceptor)是对类的增强,而非方法。它跟通知没有关系,本质是拦截器。
引介增强允许在运行时为目标类增加新属性或方法。
引介增强允许在运行时改变类的行为,让类随运行环境动态变更。
引介增强使用起来比较复杂,在开发中也是比较少用的。
2、代码演示后置通知和返回后通知
在切面类MethodAspect中添加后置通知和返回后通知的切面方法
package com.ql.spring.aop.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
//切面类
public class MethodAspect {
//切面方法,用于扩展额外功能
//JoinPoint 连接点,通过连接点可以获取目标类/方法的信息
public void printExecutionTime(JoinPoint joinPoint){
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss SSS");
String now = sdf.format(new Date());
String className = joinPoint.getTarget().getClass().getName();//获取目标类的名称
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();//获取目标方法名称
System.out.println("-------->"+now+":"+className+"."+methodName);
Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
System.out.println("-------->参数个数:"+args.length);
for (Object arg: args){
System.out.println("-------->参数:"+arg);
}
}
public void doAfterReturning(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object ret){
System.out.println("<---------返回后通知:"+ret);
}
public void doAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint){
System.out.println("<---------触发后置通知");
}
}
然后在applicationContext.xml中配置通知
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="userDao" class="com.ql.spring.aop.dao.UserDao"/>
<bean id="employeeDao" class="com.ql.spring.aop.dao.EmployeeDao"/>
<bean id="userService" class="com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
<bean id="employeeService" class="com.ql.spring.aop.service.EmployeeService">
<property name="employeeDao" ref="employeeDao"/>
</bean>
<!--AOP配置-->
<bean id="methodAspect" class="com.ql.spring.aop.aspect.MethodAspect"/>
<aop:config>
<!--PointCut 切点,使用execution表达式描述切面的作用范围-->
<!--execution(public * com.ql..*.*(..))说明切面作用在com.ql包下的所有类的所有方法上-->
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(public * com.ql..*Service.*(..))"/>
<!--定义切面类-->
<aop:aspect ref="methodAspect">
<!--before通知,代表在目标方法前先执行methodAspect.printExecutionTime()-->
<aop:before method="printExecutionTime" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
<aop:after method="doAfter" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
<aop:after-returning method="doAfterReturning" returning="ret" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>
运行入口类
package com.ql.spring.aop;
import com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
userService.createUser();
userService.generateRandomPassword("MD5",16);
}
}
/*
-------->2022-07-03 22:20:07 478:com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService.createUser
-------->参数个数:0
执行创建用户业务逻辑
新增用户数据
<---------触发后置通知
<---------返回后通知:null
-------->2022-07-03 22:20:07 487:com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService.generateRandomPassword
-------->参数个数:2
-------->参数:MD5
-------->参数:16
按MD5方式生成16位随机密码
<---------触发后置通知
<---------返回后通知:HTYughjd23g
*/
其中后置通知和返回后通知执行的顺序由配置的前后顺序决定的。
3、代码演示异常通知
首先在UserService的createUser方法中抛出一个异常
public void createUser(){
if(1==1){
throw new RuntimeException("用户已存在");
}
System.out.println("执行创建用户业务逻辑");
userDao.insert();
}
然后在切面类MethodAspect中添加异常通知的切面方法doAfterThrowing
public void doAfterThrowing(JoinPoint joinPoint, Throwable th){
System.out.println("<---------异常通知:"+th.getMessage());
}
然后在配置文件applicationContext.xml中配置异常通知
<!--定义切面类-->
<aop:aspect ref="methodAspect">
<!--before通知,代表在目标方法前先执行methodAspect.printExecutionTime()-->
<aop:before method="printExecutionTime" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
<aop:after method="doAfter" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
<aop:after-returning method="doAfterReturning" returning="ret" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
<aop:after-throwing method="doAfterThrowing" throwing="th" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
</aop:aspect>
运行入口类,输出为
/*
-------->2022-07-03 22:26:11 323:com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService.createUser
-------->参数个数:0
<---------触发后置通知
<---------异常通知:用户已存在
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: 用户已存在
at com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService.createUser(UserService.java:9)
...
*/
其中后置通知和异常通知执行的顺序同样由配置的前后顺序决定的。
4、代码演示环绕通知 - 方法性能筛选
首先在UserService的createUser方法中延长线程的逻辑
public void createUser(){
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("执行创建用户业务逻辑");
userDao.insert();
}
然后在com.ql.spring.aop.aspect包下新建切面类MethodChecker
package com.ql.spring.aop.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class MethodChecker {
//ProceedingJoinPoint是JoinPoint的升级版,在原有功能外,还可以控制目标方法是否执行
public Object check(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
try {
long startTime = new Date().getTime();
Object ret = pjp.proceed();//执行目标方法
long endTime = new Date().getTime();
long duration = endTime - startTime;//执行时长
if(duration >= 1000){
String className = pjp.getTarget().getClass().getName();
String methodName = pjp.getSignature().getName();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss SSS");
String now = sdf.format(new Date());
System.out.println("======"+now+":"+className+"."+methodName+"("+duration+")");
}
return ret;
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.out.println("Exception message"+e.getMessage());
throw e;
}
}
}
然后在配置文件applicationContext.xml中配置
<bean id="methodChecker" class="com.ql.spring.aop.aspect.MethodChecker"/>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(public * com.ql..*Service.*(..))"/>
<aop:aspect ref="methodChecker">
<!--环绕通知-->
<aop:around method="check" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
运行入口类,输出为
/*
执行创建用户业务逻辑
新增用户数据
======2022-07-03 22:59:35 735:com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService.createUser(3022)
*/
二、利用注解配置Spring AOP
打开IDEA创建新的maven工程,在pom.xml中引入spring-context和aspectjweaver依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.ql.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>aop</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>aliyun</id>
<name>aliyun</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--aspectjweaver是Spring AOP的底层依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
在resources目录下创建配置文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--初始化IoC容器-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ql"/>
<!--启动Spring AOP注解模式-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
</beans>
在com.ql.spring.aop.dao包下创建UserDao类
package com.ql.spring.aop.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserDao {
public void insert(){
System.out.println("新增用户数据");
}
}
在com.ql.spring.aop.service包下创建UserService类
package com.ql.spring.aop.service;
import com.ql.spring.aop.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service
public class UserService {
@Resource
private UserDao userDao;
public void createUser(){
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("执行创建用户业务逻辑");
userDao.insert();
}
public String generateRandomPassword(String type, Integer length){
System.out.println("按"+type+"方式生成"+length+"位随机密码");
return "HTYughjd23g";
}
public UserDao getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
}
在com.ql.spring.aop.aspect包下创建切面类MethodChecker
package com.ql.spring.aop.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@Component //标记当前类为组件
@Aspect //说明当前类是切面类
public class MethodChecker {
//环绕通知,参数为PointCut切点表达式
@Around("execution(* com.ql..*Service.*(..))")
//ProceedingJoinPoint是JoinPoint的升级版,在原有功能外,还可以控制目标方法是否执行
public Object check(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
try {
long startTime = new Date().getTime();
Object ret = pjp.proceed();//执行目标方法
long endTime = new Date().getTime();
long duration = endTime - startTime;//执行时长
if(duration >= 1000){
String className = pjp.getTarget().getClass().getName();
String methodName = pjp.getSignature().getName();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss SSS");
String now = sdf.format(new Date());
System.out.println("======"+now+":"+className+"."+methodName+"("+duration+")");
}
return ret;
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.out.println("Exception message"+e.getMessage());
throw e;
}
}
}
最后在com.ql.spring.aop包下创建入口类SpringApplication并运行
package com.ql.spring.aop;
import com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
userService.createUser();
userService.generateRandomPassword("MD5",16);
}
}
/*
执行创建用户业务逻辑
新增用户数据
======2022-07-03 23:17:40 037:com.ql.spring.aop.service.UserService.createUser(3018)
按MD5方式生成16位随机密码
*/