Elastic Stack从入门到实践（一）--Elastic Stack入门（3）--Logstash入门与Elastic Stack实战

Logstash入门

Logstash简介

Data Shipper （不是轻量级的，比beat占用更多资源）
Logstash担任了ETL的角色，它会对数据进行提取Extract、转换Transform、对外的输出Load

处理流程
Input（file、redis、beats、kafka）
Filter（grok、mutate、drop、date）
Output（stdout、elasticsearch、redis、kafka）

Logstash配置简介

处理流程 – Input和Output配置


处理流程 – Filter配置
Grok：基于正则表达式提供了丰富可重用的模式（pattern），基于此可以将非结构化数据作结构化处理。

Date：将字符串类型的时间字段转换为时间戳类型，方便后续数据处理。

Mutate：针对结构化后的字段进行增加、修改、删除、替换等字段相关处理。

Logstash 演示

首先下载Logstash并解压
https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/past-releases/logstash-6-8-23


创建文件nginx_logstash.conf

input {
  stdin { }
}

filter {
  grok {
    match => {
      "message" => '%{IPORHOST:remote_ip} - %{DATA:user_name} \[%{HTTPDATE:time}\] "%{WORD:request_action} %{DATA:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:http_version}" %{NUMBER:response} %{NUMBER:bytes} "%{DATA:referrer}" "%{DATA:agent}"'
    }
  }

  date {
    match => [ "time", "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z" ]
    locale => en
  }

  geoip {
    source => "remote_ip"
    target => "geoip"
  }

  useragent {
    source => "agent"
    target => "user_agent"
  }
}

output {
stdout {
 codec => rubydebug 
 }
}

打开cmd窗口，切换目录到D:\elastic\logstash-6.8.23\bin然后执行命令logstash -f nginx_logstash.conf回车，将nginx.log的两条日志内容，粘贴到启动的窗口回车。
复制内容为

93.180.71.3 - - [17/May/2015:08:05:32 +0000] "GET /downloads/product_1 HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Debian APT-HTTP/1.3 (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.21)"
93.180.71.3 - - [17/May/2015:08:05:23 +0000] "GET /downloads/product_1 HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Debian APT-HTTP/1.3 (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.21)"

执行结果为

实战：分析Elasticsearch 查询语句

实战目标和方案介绍

目标
收集Elasticsearch集群的查询语句
分析查询语句的常用语句、响应时长等

方案
应用 Packetbeat + Logstash 完成数据收集工作
使用 Kibana + Elasticsearch 完成数据分析工作

Production Cluster
– Elasticsearch http://127.0.0.1:9200
– Kibana http://127.0.0.1:5601
Monitoring Cluster
– Elasticsearch http://127.0.0.1:8200
– Kibana http://127.0.0.1:8601

Production 与 Monitoring 不能是一个集群，否则会进入抓包死循环。

方案之 logstash



方案之packetbeat

实战之数据收集演示

新建一个虚拟机（建议虚拟机内存设置为8G）

把下载好的安装包通过Xftp上传到/usr/local目录下

然后用Xshell连接，并解压上传的安装包

为了方便，使用chmod -R 777 ./xxxxx 命令四个应用目录的访问权限。

给系统添加两个用户es1和es2，打开两个Xshell窗口，都用es1用户登录。
一个窗口中切换目录到elasticsearch-6.8.23目录，执行bin/elasticsearch启动es

另个一个窗口切换目录到kibana-6.8.23-linux-x86_64目录，然后执行bin/kibana -e http://127.0.0.1:9200 -p 5601 启动kibana

同样，再打开两个Xshell窗口，都登录es2用户，一个窗口中切换目录到elasticsearch-6.8.23目录，执行bin/elasticsearch -Ecluster.name=sniff_search -Ehttp.port=8200 -Epath.data=sniff_search启动es

另个一个窗口切换目录到kibana-6.8.23-linux-x86_64目录，然后执行bin/kibana -e http://127.0.0.1:8200 -p 8601
启动kibana

再打开一个Xshell窗口，登录es1用户，切换目录到logstash-6.8.23创建一个文件为sniff_search.conf内容为

input {
    beats {
        port => 5044
    }
}
filter {
    if "search" in [request]{
        grok {
            match => { "request" => ".*\n\{(?<query_body>.*)"}
        }
        grok {
            match => { "path" => "\/(?<index>.*)\/_search"}
        }
     if [index] {
      } else {
            mutate {
              add_field  => { "index" => "All" }
        }
      }

      mutate {
              update  => { "query_body" => "{%{query_body}"}}
      }

  #    mutate {
  #        remove_field => [ "[http][response][body]" ]
  #    }
}

output {
  #stdout{codec=>rubydebug}

  if "search" in [request]{
        elasticsearch {
        hosts => "127.0.0.1:8200"
        }
   }
}

然后执行bin/logstash -f sniff_search.conf 启动logstash

再打开一个Xshell窗口，登录es1用户，切换目录到packetbeat-6.8.23-linux-x86_64创建一个文件为sniff_search.yml内容为

#################### Packetbeat Configuration Example #########################

# This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common
# options. The packetbeat.full.yml file from the same directory contains all the
# supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.
#
# You can find the full configuration reference here:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/packetbeat/index.html

#============================== Network device ================================

# Select the network interface to sniff the data. On Linux, you can use the
# "any" keyword to sniff on all connected interfaces.
packetbeat.interfaces.device: any

packetbeat.protocols.http:
  # Configure the ports where to listen for HTTP traffic. You can disable
  # the HTTP protocol by commenting out the list of ports.
  ports: [9200]
  send_request: true
  include_body_for: ["application/json", "x-www-form-urlencoded"]


#================================ Outputs =====================================

# Configure what outputs to use when sending the data collected by the beat.
# Multiple outputs may be used.

#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
#output.elasticsearch:
  # Array of hosts to connect to.
  #  hosts: ["localhost:9200"]

  # Optional protocol and basic auth credentials.
  #protocol: "https"
  #username: "elastic"
  #password: "changeme"

#output.console:
   # pretty: true

output.logstash:
    hosts: ["127.0.0.1:5044"]


#================================ Logging =====================================

# Sets log level. The default log level is info.
# Available log levels are: critical, error, warning, info, debug
#logging.level: debug

# At debug level, you can selectively enable logging only for some components.
# To enable all selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are "beat",
# "publish", "service".
#logging.selectors: ["*"]

然后执行sudo ./packetbeat -e -c sniff_search.yml -strict.perms=false 启动packetbeat

在虚拟机中打开浏览器，访问http://127.0.0.1:8601访问kibana，试着执行语句GET _cat/indices发现已经有logstash的索引了

可以查询索引中信息

实战之Kibana使用演示

首先把logstash索引加到index patterns里，如图所示



然后就可以用Discover查看数据了

关于Kibana的详细使用，后面再学。