官方文档: http://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/type-safe-builders.html
1.类型安全的构建器(Type-Safe Builders)
构建器(builder)的概念在Groovy社区中非常热门,
构建器允许以半声明(semi-declarative)方式定义数据
构建器很适合用来生成XML, UI布局, 描述3D场景...
多数情况下,Kotlin允许检查类型(type-check)构建器,比Groovy自身的动态类型实现更具吸引力;
其它情况下,Kotlin支持动态类型构建器
2.Html构建器(生成器)示例
本例使用kotlin构建/生成一个HTML树(文档),
代码中大量使用了前几章节kotlin的扩展函数和带接收者的lambda表达式,
并没有新kotlin语法知识!
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val result = html {
head { title { +"XML encoding with Kotlin" } }
body {
h1 { +"XML encoding with Kotlin" }
p { +"this format can be used as an alternative markup to XML" }
a(href = "http://lioil.com") { +"Kotlin博客" }
p {
+"This is some"
b { +"mixed" }
+"text. For more see the"
a(href = "http://lioil.com") { +"Kotlin博客" }
+"project"
}
p { +"some text" }
p {
+"Command line arguments were:"
ul {for (arg in args) li { +arg }} //命令行参数args
}
}
}
println(result) //输出一个Html树形文档,输出结果在下文
}
/*
init参数本身就是一个函数,该函数类型是HTML.() -> Unit,该函数带接收者是HTML类
html {
//head和body是HTML的成员函数, this可以省略(this就是HTML类对象)
this.head { }
this.body { }
}
*/
fun html(init: HTML.() -> Unit): HTML {
val html = HTML()
html.init()
return html
}
/*
String.unaryPlus()重载操作符+,
作用就是把一个字符串包装到TextElement实例对象,
并添加到children标签html集合,例如:
title { +"XML encoding with Kotlin" }
*/
abstract class TagWithText(name: String) : Tag(name) {
operator fun String.unaryPlus() {
children.add(TextElement(this))
}
}
// 以下几个类,就是生成HTML标签元素
class HTML() : TagWithText("html") {
fun head(init: Head.() -> Unit) = initTag(Head(), init)
fun body(init: Body.() -> Unit) = initTag(Body(), init)
}
class Head() : TagWithText("head") {
fun title(init: Title.() -> Unit) = initTag(Title(), init)
}
class Title() : TagWithText("title")
class Body() : BodyTag("body")
class UL() : BodyTag("ul") {
fun li(init: LI.() -> Unit) = initTag(LI(), init)
}
class B() : BodyTag("b")
class LI() : BodyTag("li")
class P() : BodyTag("p")
class H1() : BodyTag("h1")
class A() : BodyTag("a") {
public var href: String
get() = attributes["href"]!!
set(value) {
attributes["href"] = value
}
}
interface Element {
fun render(builder: StringBuilder, indent: String)
}
class TextElement(val text: String) : Element {
override fun render(builder: StringBuilder, indent: String) {
builder.append("$indent$text\n")
}
}
@DslMarker
annotation class HtmlTagMarker
/*
自Kotlin 1.1起,引入了一种特殊机制,控制接收者作用域(Scope control: @DslMarker)
不必用@HtmlTagMarker标注HTML或Head类,因为它们的超类/父类Tag已标注过!
添加注解HtmlTagMarker之后,Kotlin编译器就知道哪些隐式接收者是同一个DSL,
并且只允许调用最近层的接收者的成员
html {
head {
head { } // 错误: head是外部接收者的成员
}
// ……
}
注意:仍然可以调用外部接收者的成员,但必须明确指定该接收者:
html {
head {
this@html.head { } // 可行
}
// ……
}
*/
@HtmlTagMarker
abstract class Tag(val name: String) : Element {
val children = arrayListOf<Element>()
val attributes = hashMapOf<String, String>()
protected fun <T : Element> initTag(tag: T, init: T.() -> Unit): T {
tag.init()
children.add(tag)
return tag
}
override fun render(builder: StringBuilder, indent: String) {
builder.append("$indent<$name${renderAttributes()}>\n")
for (c in children) {
c.render(builder, indent + " ")
}
builder.append("$indent</$name>\n")
}
private fun renderAttributes(): String? {
val builder = StringBuilder()
for (a in attributes.keys) {
builder.append(" $a=\"${attributes[a]}\"")
}
return builder.toString()
}
override fun toString(): String {
val builder = StringBuilder()
render(builder, "")
return builder.toString()
}
}
abstract class BodyTag(name: String) : TagWithText(name) {
fun b(init: B.() -> Unit) = initTag(B(), init)
fun p(init: P.() -> Unit) = initTag(P(), init)
fun h1(init: H1.() -> Unit) = initTag(H1(), init)
fun ul(init: UL.() -> Unit) = initTag(UL(), init)
fun a(href: String, init: A.() -> Unit) {
val a = initTag(A(), init)
a.href = href
}
}
2.Html构建器(生成器)的输出结果
<html>
<head>
<title>XML encoding with Kotlin</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>XML encoding with Kotlin</h1>
<p>this format can be used as an alternative markup to XML</p>
<a href="http://lioil.com">Kotlin博客</a>
<p>This is some
<b>mixed</b>text. For more see the
<a href="http://lioil.com">Kotlin博客</a>
project
</p>
<p>some text</p>
<p>Command line arguments were:
<ul>
<li>
lioil
</li>
<li>
win
</li>
</ul>
</p>
</body>
</html>
简书:http://www.jianshu.com/p/70cbaf846a4f
CSDN博客: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_32115439/article/details/74898099
GitHub博客:http://lioil.win/2017/07/09/Kotlin-safe-builder.html
Coding博客:http://c.lioil.win/2017/07/09/Kotlin-safe-builder.html