设计模式之责任链模式

一、定义：责任链模式使第一个对象处理请求，然后一次向下传递请求，直到有一个合适的对象能够处理他，从而避免的调用者依次去询问各个对象造成的多耦合关系。Avoid coupling the sender  of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the reviever objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it

二、简单代码示例：

public abstract class Handler {
	private Handler nextHandler;
	private String myName;
	private Integer request;

	public void setNextHandler(Handler nextHandler) {
		this.nextHandler = nextHandler;
	}

	public void setMyName(String myName) {
		this.myName = myName;
	}

	public void setRequest(Integer request) {
		this.request = request;
	}

	public final String handleMessage(int request) {
		if (request == this.request)
			return myName;
		else if (this.nextHandler != null)
			return this.nextHandler.handleMessage(request);
		else
			return "No one";
	}

处理者：

public class Object1 extends Handler {
	public Object1(String name, int age, Handler next) {
		setMyName(name);
		setRequest(age);
		setNextHandler(next);
	}
	
	//Other method in object1
}

public class Object2 extends Handler {
	public Object2(String name, int age, Handler next) {
		setMyName(name);
		setRequest(age);
		setNextHandler(next);
	}
	
	//other method in Object2
}

public class Object3 extends Handler {
	public Object3(String name, int age, Handler next) {
		setMyName(name);
		setRequest(age);
		setNextHandler(next);
	}


	// other method in Object3
}

场景调用：

public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Handler handler3 = new Object3("小红", 12, null);
		Handler handler2 = new Object3("小明", 11, handler3);
		Handler handler1 = new Object3("小芳", 10, handler2);

		System.out.println("谁的年纪是12岁啊？");
		System.out.println(handler1.handleMessage(12));

		System.out.println("谁的年纪是13岁啊？");
		System.out.println(handler1.handleMessage(13));

	}

谁的年纪是12岁啊？
小红
谁的年纪是13岁啊？
No one

责任链模式十分简单。其减少了场景调用的耦合关系。请求者可以不用知道是谁处理的，只要知道结果即可。正如DNS的域名解析过程。

责任链过长的话，会给性能带来一定影响，同时使得调试变得复杂。